American Indian Stories: Native Americans Essay

In American Indian Stories, University of Nebraska Press Lincoln and London version, the creator, Zitkala-Sa, attempts to recount stories that portrayed life experiencing childhood with a booking. Her accounts demonstrated how Native Americans responded to the white man’s methods of running the land and changing the life of Indians. â€Å"Zitkala-Sa was one of the early Indian scholars to record innate legends and stories from oral tradition† (back spread) is an extraordinary method to show that the author’s stories depended on genuine occasions throughout her life as a Dakota Sioux Indian. This article will portray and break down Native American life as depicted by Zitkala-Sa’s American Indian Stories, it will identify with Native Americans and their communications with American social orders, it will examine the significant subjects of the book and why the writer composed it, it will depict Native American culture, its qualities and its convictions and how they changed and it will show how Native Americans sees other non-Natives. Before the presentation of the â€Å"pale face† Native Americans carried on with a quiet and tranquil life. They lived in huge networks and help each other so as to endure. They had a type of religion, poly-mystical, that would be their principle type of salvation. They had boss and warriors. They had teepees that would permit them to rapidly get together and move. The Native Americans were an itinerant, crude individuals that didn't satisfy the more white man’s perspective on â€Å"civilization†. In any case, the white man, pale face, wanted to change the Native Americans savage lifestyles. The Americans were keen in their endeavors in attempting to change over the Indians. They would pursue the children since they were as yet youthful and simple. â€Å"Yes, my kid, a few others other than Judewin are leaving with the palefaces. Your sibling said the teachers had asked about his little sister†¦ â€Å"Did he advise them to take me, mother† (40). The kids were susceptible. In this first story, the little girl gets snared on going with the ministers since they said they had apple trees and being that she has never observed an apple tree, she implored her mom to go not realizing that her mom would not like to send her away. A few Indians delighted in leaving with the Americans; others didn't due to what the Americans had done to the Indians. The mother in this story had revealed to her little girl accounts of what the paleface had done and how they had executed the greater part of her family. â€Å"There is the thing that the paleface has done! From that point forward your dad also has been covered in a slope closer the rising sun. We where once upbeat. However, the paleface has taken our territories and driven us here. Having cheated us of our property, the paleface constrained us away† (10). Having knowing this, the young lady despite everything endured and needed to go with the paleface. A significant number of the Indians that left with the teachers were away for a long time and didn't have the foggiest idea what amount had changed back at home. In the story The Soft-Hearted Sioux a youngster returns home subsequent to accepting an instruction from the evangelists. He had left before he was instructed how to make due out in nature. He returned to biting the dust and starving guardians. He was indoctrinated by the teachers since he conflicted with his family’s customs and advised the medication man never to return and that God will spare his dad. He began lecturing God’s words to his kin and they left the network. His dad was becoming more wiped out and more broken down and he required food. His child went out ordinary attempting to get something however had no abilities in chasing. His dad had instructed him to go two slopes over and he could discover meat. With no understanding of proprietorship, the child proceeded to slaughter a cow that had a place with an American. After leaving with the meat he was pursued down and assaulted by the â€Å"owner† of the dairy cattle. The child inadvertently executed the man and fled back to his father’s teepee just to understand that he was past the point of no return and that his dad had kicked the bucket. He was so adapted by the white man that he had overlooked his ancestors’ methods of endurance. The book proposes that Native Americans were not savages and that they had a typical way of life before the Americans came in and made a huge difference. Their general public depended on helping each other out. It was additionally founded on portability. They would need to make homes so that they could simply get together and leave at whatever point they expected to. The Native Americans had a qualities dependent on nature, life and demise. The accepted that you should regard nature, regard the living and put an extraordinary accentuation on the dead. In The Dead Man’s Plum Bush the young lady strolled by a plum bramble that had quite recently bloomed out delightful plums. At the point when the young lady had reached to snatch one of the plums her mom had advised her not to and clarified that â€Å"the roots are folded over an Indian’s skeleton. A courageous is covered here. While he lived he was so attached to playing the round of striped plum seeds that, at his passing, his arrangement of plum seeds were covered in his grasp. From them jumped up this little bush† (32). The way that the hedge was there on account of a man’s interest with plum seeds and that nobody can make the most of its organic products shows how much regard for the dead is played through the Native Americans’ convictions. Zitkala-Sa’s primary thought processes recorded as a hard copy this book was to show â€Å"one of the main endeavors by a local American lady to keep in touch with her own story† (back spread). Another primary thought process was to advise individuals regarding the way that the Americans came and assumed control over the Indians’ land and individuals; the land was taken forcibly and the individuals by paying off little children. The fundamental subject for the book was to show how the Indians felt about the Americans. Passing by the book, there is no set method of indicating what number of individuals preferred or hated the Americans. In any case, it is observable that the guardians plainly didn't care for the Americans since they realized what the Americans had done to them before and what they are doing to them by and by. They realized that the Americans came in and executed their predecessors and drove others away from their properties. They realized that they were removing their youngsters and programming them into feeling that their families were savages and that the Americans had more to offer them. They realized that the Americans were causing their children to disregard their methods of living and their convictions. The kids, be that as it may, considered the To be greeting as an approach to better themselves and their families. The youngsters would cheerfully leave with the American outsiders feeling that everything would be better for them. Zitkala-Sa attempted to show how her kin were treated by Americans in her book American Indian Stories. She demonstrated how the Indians life was before the Americans and how it had changed after the presentation of the Americans. She demonstrated that not the entirety of the Indians enjoyed the white individuals. She demonstrated that the majority of the kids that left didn't recollect their family’s lifestyle. She demonstrated that when the Americans came they not just took the Indians’ land, they additionally took their kin. Works Cited Zitkala-Sa. Native American Stories. College Of Nebraska Press. Lincoln and Lo.

Why NAFTA is Working free essay sample

This paper analyzes the North American Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA) and its inclusion in the corporate network. This paper speaks to the North American Free Trade Agreement and its inclusion in the corporate network. The creator addresses the inquiries of what NAFTA accomplishes for large business, and how it now and then can meddle with other territorial agreements marked in Latin America. From the Paper: A while ago when exchange between two countries was for the most part affected by unique interests, the specialists and lobbyists concurred there could be no other method to exchange. This is not true anymore in todays worldwide market. Organizations should now contend all around and hold fast to rigid standards of exchange. The explanation behind this is, thinking back to the 1950s the Gross Domestic Product was only four percent, in examination today it is at an amazing thirteen percent. Another explanation behind this trip is a result of global capital streams, which at that point can extend from a creation angle, for instance, building manufacturing plants, to quest for exceptionally theoretical endeavors of wagering against a countrys own cash. We will compose a custom article test on Why NAFTA is Working or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page These regions have to a point, become considerably more vigorously. Albeit still another is that all territories secured under exchange understandings have expanded from mostly customary worries with various taxes, assessments, and amounts to cover work, outside ecological issues, and state directed wellbeing guidelines. This is the place NAFTA became possibly the most important factor.

Getting Parents Involved

Getting Parents Involved Encourage parents to volunteer in the classroom year round as an important positive step in improving their child's education. New teachers, who are trying to build solid relationships with parents, will find this resource particularly valuable. Updated on: February 1, 2007 Page 1 of 2 Getting Parents Involved You can use a wide range of projects and activities to getâ€"and keepâ€"parents involved in the affairs of the classroom. Consider some of the following. Reaching Out It's Elementary I used a technique I called “the 2-minute note.” Each morning, I would write a short (two- to four-sentences) note about a positive event or accomplishment for a single student and invite the student to take the note home. I started alphabetically with a student at the top of my grade book and then, each day, selected the next student on my class list until I got to the bottom. Then, I would start again at the top. That way, every student would take home one two-minute note each month. Develop and design a series of orientation programs for parents new to the school or district. It would be valuable to develop a slide program, a series of brochures, family guides, or other appropriate orientation materials to assist new families in learning as much as they can ab out your academic program. Work with a group of parents to prepare a notebook of home or community activities for use during vacations. Include games, reading activities, places to visit, and sites to see in the community. Distribute these notebooks to all families prior to a vacation period, especially summer. Send parents a periodic newsletter updating them on classroom activities and projects. Make a regular effort to communicate with parents through brief phone calls or short notes. Don't use the telephone to always relay bad news, but use it to celebrate academic accomplishments, too. Call one parent each week to relay some good news about what his or her child is doing. Sharing Resources Periodically provide parents with lists of recommended children's literature. Work with the school librarian in distributing lists such as “The Principal's Top Ten Hits” throughout the year. Consider disseminating a list of books on child-rearing practices. If possible, plan a few share-an d-discuss sessions with groups of parents to talk over selected books. Provide parents with a calendar of upcoming classroom events. Many schools and districts send out a periodic newsletter; consider one specifically for your classroom. Include information on books you will read in the coming weeks, field trips, science projects, videos you will see, guest speakers, etc. Publish this on a frequent basis, and distribute it to all families. Raise Your Hand: “Do I Have Any Volunteers?” Expert Opinion Use the telephone as an instrument of good news. Often parents associate the telephone as something used to convey bad news (missed homework, tardiness, behavior problem). Call parents frequently to convey good news about a youngster's academic progress or to thank them for their help on a project. Recruit classroom volunteers. Use the telephone, informal surveys, questionnaires, and face-to-face contacts to solicit parent volunteers. Schedule a special orientation meeting providing potential volunteers with a set of responsibilities and expectations. Allow parents to observe the actual skills you would like them to perform, including marking papers, creating art materials, arranging field trips, supervising small-group work, carrying out remedial tasks, creating bulletin boards, or duplicating classroom materials. Be sure to create a support system for parent volunteers. They need to feel that they are working under a trained professional. Plan frequent round-table conferences. Be sure all volunteers have an information packet of school schedules, school and classroom rules, a map of the school, procedures for student absences and tardiness, discipline procedures, dress code, etc.

Loss of Innocence - 1478 Words

Innocence is usually associated with youth and ignorance. The loss of ones innocence is associated with the evils of the world. However, the term innocence can be interpreted in a variety of ways. Similarly, the loss of ones innocence can be interpreted in more than one way, and, depending on the interpretation, it may happen numerous times. The loss of innocence is culture specific and involves something that society holds sacrosanct. It is also bounded by different religious beliefs. Still, no matter which culture or religion is at hand, there is always more than one way to lose ones innocence, and every member of that particular culture or religion experiences a loss of innocence at least once in their lives. In addition,†¦show more content†¦Being in the midst of hardship also leads to a loss of innocence. An individual is more desperate during tough times and have a tendency to be impulsive. Because of this, learning to survive through the difficult situations becomes a loss of innocence. In The Grapes of Wrath, by John Steinbeck, the Joad family has to migrate to find work during the Great Depression. The family faces many difficulties and a few members leave the family. Through the journey Tom Joad, the main character of the novel, acquires a rare strength, thoughtfulness, and moral certainty. Through his struggles, Tom realizes that he cannot stand by as a silent witness to the worlds injustices; he cannot work for his own familys well being by taking bread from another family. Ultimately, his loss of innocence compels him to leave the family in order to set out on a course of public action. Toms loss of innocence gives him strength he will have to help others the rest of his life, but it also gives him a sense of sadness, from the situation of his family, and loneliness, from his accepted purpose in life. These feelings will stay with him as he helps others who are also struggling to survive. Being in a life of drama, betrayal and love, easily causes a character to lose his or her innocence. In the book Memoirs of a Geisha, the main character, Sayuri, is taken away from her father. She experiencesShow MoreRelatedLoss of Innocence1554 Words   |  7 PagesMany people experience the loss of innocence every day because it’s just a natural thing. One way that people loss their innocence is through the violence of war. Most people in a war will come unto the fact that it’s a kill or be killed kind of thing. Everyone would naturally choose to kill another man and that’s how many people in a war end up losing their innocence. Another way that people lose their innocence is when they witness the death of someone else. In the book â€Å"Fallen Angels,† LieutenantRead MoreLoss of Innocence757 Words   |  4 PagesIt has been said that innocence can be defined as the state or quality of being morally free from guilt or sin, through lack of knowledge of evil. I will examine pieces of l iterature that convey the loss of innocence to either a particular person, or a group of people. The first piece of writing I have chosen is, The Lord of the Flies by William Golding. In the middle of a war, a plane carrying a group of schoolboys crashed onto an island. The pilot had been killed, so that left the boys to fendRead MoreLoss of Innocence550 Words   |  2 PagesInnocence is used to show how a person can show self-control and restriction. However, when it comes to loss of innocence, the body gives in to anything, temptation, sin, and many others. In the poem, â€Å"Loss of Innocence† (Stewart), innocence becomes useless as other problems take over, in place of innocence. It is almost as if â€Å"Innocence swept away† (Stewart) and as a replacement, â€Å"Sinful satisfaction sweeps over†(Stewart). The loss of innocence requires time, like in the book Tuesdays with MorrieRead MoreRacism And Loss Of Innocence1428 Words   |  6 PagesLee presents to society touches many universal themes of society mechanics from the past and still connects to the present. Throughout the novel there are various forms of prejudice that evoke in the presence of social inequality, racism and loss of innocence. In any form of environment, social inequality and status always comes through as human nature. Throughout the novel, Scout’s prejudice against Walter Cunningham changes. In the beginning she judges and disrespects Walter, by the way he eatsRead MoreLoss of Innocence in Frankenstein1168 Words   |  5 PagesLoss of Innocence in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Innocence, throughout time it is lost, varying from who and how much. Throughout the novel Frankenstein there is a central theme of loss of innocence, cleverly instilled by the author, Mary Shelley. This theme is evident in Frankensteins monster, Victor Frankenstein himself, and three other minor characters that lose their innocence consequently from the two major characters loss. Frankensteins monster is destined to lose all innocence asRead MoreEssay on Loss of Innocence 1352 Words   |  6 PagesKnowles carries the theme of the inevitable loss of innocence throughout the entire novel. Several characters in the novel sustain both positive and negative changes, resulting from the change of the peaceful summer sessions at Devon to the reality of World War II. While some characters embrace their development through their loss of innocence, others are at war with themselves trying to preserve that innocence. Knowles foreshadows the boys’ loss of innocence through the war, and their constant jumpsRead MoreA Loss of Innocence Essay1010 Words   |  5 Pagesbelieving that money and luck indicate one’s level of happiness. William Golding’s novel tries to show that all children are evil and have savage impulses. A common theme in both of these works is that children create their own downfall and loss of innocence. In D.H. Lawrence’s The Rocking Horse Winner, Paul is searching for an identity and love. Paul’s mother was incapable of love; â€Å"when her children were present, she always felt the centre of her heart go hard.† Paul’s mother desires materialisticRead MoreThe Loss Of Innocence As A Child1951 Words   |  8 Pages2013 Saving Innocence Mornings filled with coloring, recess, and naps; afternoons spent with mom playing superheroes and baking cookies; evenings spent with dad telling him about the cool new friend you met playing Red Rover at school.The life of a child is relatively simple and pain-at least in the sense we often relate it to as adults-is often non-existent and if present usually doesn’t go past not getting to be the line leader at school. So what exactly leads to the loss of innocence as a childRead MoreThe Loss Of Innocence And Self Essay2093 Words   |  9 PagesDoes such a thing as â€Å"growing up,† really happen, does the idea of the loss of innocence and self -discovery exist outside literature I used to think Yes, then No. Now I think it’s a little bit of both. I think that the past events that happened to me these last 5 years are the reason why. Esta à © a histà ³ria da vida. Minha vida que meio acontece. A vida acontece. My name is Carla-Cristina and I am 18 years old and I had never seen a monkey nor the ocean til I was the was 12, even though I grewRead MoreLoss Of Innocence In Catcher In The Rye1429 Words   |  6 PagesJustin Hwang Ms. Lydia Wells English 9 10/24/17 Loneliness and Phoniness: Loss of Innocence in Salinger’s Catcher in the Rye Loss of innocence is one of the major elements of The Catcher in the Rye that make the novel so renowned. The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger is about an adolescent named Holden who wanders around New York City after being kicked out of a prestigious boarding school in eastern Pennsylvania. While learning more about himself and the adult world, he experiences alcohol,

How Digital Printing Is Revolutionize Our Modern Day Lives

Where do you think the future of medicine will be in the next decade? With diseases and illnesses advancing, technology has been improving and advanced innovative ways have been surfacing. Something that has modernized our way of life without even realizing it is a printer. Do you ever foresee that printers could other than put ink on a piece of paper? Three-dimensional printing is revolutionizing our modern day lives in our own selves as we speak. Although there are several types of 3D printing, one version that has caught the public’s attention is 3D medical printing, or also known as bio printing. This emerging technology will enable future 3D printers to produce synthetic human tissue, and eventually human organs and transform how doctors and patients view medicine. The use of 3D Printing dates back to 1980’s when Charles Hull developed stereolithography (3D Printing). Hull received a BS in engineering and physics from the University of Colorado in 1961. He was successful in integrating the computer for developing parts based on digital information. 3D printing is a printing process that allows digital data to create 3D objects. The creation of a 3D printed object is achieved using additive processes. In an additive process, laying down successive layers of material until the entire object is created creates an object. Each of these layers can be seen as a thinly sliced horizontal cross-section of the eventual object (â€Å"What Is 3D Printing?). NASA launched aShow MoreRelatedEvaluating The Future Of Medicine1508 Words   |  7 PagesSomething that has modernized our way of life without even realizing it is a printer. Did you ever foresee that printers could do other than put ink on a piece of paper? Three-dimensional printing i s revolutionizing our modern day lives as we speak. Although there are several types of 3D printing, one version that has caught the public’s attention is 3D medical printing, or also known as bio printing. 3D medical printing will revolutionize the medical field and makes lives easier. This emerging technologyRead MoreThe Endless Possibilities of 3D Printing Essay1086 Words   |  5 PagesThis futuristic idea is not only innovating the scientific and technological world, but it is also innovating modern day households. The possibilities of 3D printing are extremely captivating, making this one of the most exciting innovations in recent times. 3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, makes three-dimensional solid objects from a digital model or command. To picture how this process works, 3D printers use an additive process, where adding layers of a successive material createsRead MorePersonal Statement : Senior Emigration From My Native Iran At The Age Of 171456 Words   |  6 PagesAria Sabour – USC GSCM Personal Statement 1. Describe yourself personally and professionally in 250 words or less. My personal and professional lives are undoubtedly interwoven, and have been affected by my independent emigration from my native Iran at the age of 17. I knew that my desire to pursue higher education would be better fulfilled abroad, so, with the support of my parents, I decided to move to France. After I gained a degree in French language there, I moved to Los Angeles with my eyesRead MoreEssay on Development of Mass Media1402 Words   |  6 PagesMany forms of mass media exist: radio, television, film, internet, email, blogs etc. Yet how these forms of media contribute to the growth of media, was never asked? Some would say that its solely because of the variety mediums, some would say that mediums was built for the 20th century, and some would say that mediums were destined and directed to grow to this point. Ever since the first form of mass media in the late 15th century called print, the dynamics of mass media continued to blossom. MassRead MoreThe Technology Of 3d Printing2824 Words   |  12 Pages Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an exciting feat of modern human innovation emerging at the dawn of a new industrial uprising, however as we all know, with all beneficial revolutions come vindictive consequence. 3D printable firearms are a stain in a revolution that could potentially change the world as we know it. These weapons are a reality and they are under much scrutiny in the engineering and technological world with major implications on public safety and loopholes in federal regulationsRead MoreOrigin of Communication: from Primitive to Modern Age3491 Words   |  14 PagesOrigin of Communication From Primitive to Modern Age BEC-SP11-12B Presented to: Ms. Maryam Jehangir Presented By: Muhammad Ehsan Danish BEC-SP11-096 Saalam Ali BEC-SP11-072 Muhammad Tabraiz Khan BEC-SP11-104 Sanan Qasim BEC-SP11-076 Origin of Communication The history of communication dates back to prehistory, with significant changes in communication technologies (media and appropriate inscription tools) evolving in tandem with shifts in political and economic systems, andRead MoreManagement Challenges for the 21st Century.Pdf60639 Words   |  243 Pageslikely to fall behind, perhaps never to recover. This book is thus a Call for Action. These challenges are not arising out of today. THEY ARE DIFFERENT. In most cases they are at odds and incompatible with what is accepted and successful today. We live in a period of PROFOUND TRANSITION—and the changes are more radical perhaps than even those that ushered in the â€Å"Second Industrial v vi Introduction Revolution† of the middle of the 19th century, or the structural changes triggered by theRead MoreThe Role of Financial Institutions in the Economic Development of Bangladesh11088 Words   |  45 Pagescurve become inverse, firms in this arena will offer additional fee-generating services including securities underwriting, and pre. Use Equity Multiples (as opposed to Enterprise Multiples). To consider how valuing a Financial Institutions balance sheet is different from a non-Financial firm, consider how an industrial firm wields capital machinery (asset) and the loans (liabilities) it used to finance that asset. The line is blurred in Financial Institutions, which must hold deposit accounts (liabilities)Read MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesCross Reference of Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) Concepts to Text Topics Chapter 1 Modern Project Management Chapter 8 Scheduling resources and cost 1.2 Project defined 1.3 Project management defined 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 2.1 The project life cycle (.2.3) App. G.1 The project manager App. G.7 Political and social environments F.1 Integration of project management processes [3.1] 6.5.2 Setting a schedule baseline [8.1.4] 6.5.3.1 Setting a resource schedule 6.5.2.4 ResourceRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pagesor other damages. For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. For more information about Wiley products, visit our Web site at www.wiley.com. Library of Congress

Stylistic Analysis “Toâ€â€ by Peter Shelley Free Essays

Language through Poetry: A Stylistic Analysis of Percy Bysshe Shelley’s â€Å"To —â€Å" A Stylistic Paper Presented to The Faculty of the Department of English Institute of Arts and Sciences Far Eastern University Manila In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirement for the Course Eng C 31—Introduction to Stylistics Osabel, Julla C. Panis, Kimberly Nicole S. October, 2012 I. We will write a custom essay sample on Stylistic Analysis: â€Å"To—† by Peter Shelley or any similar topic only for you Order Now Reaction and it’s effects on you II. Summary of the Text Percy Bysshe Shelley’s â€Å"To —â€Å" is one of his lyrical poetry—is a poem used to express feelings—ideally of the Romantic Era. In his poem, the poem is about an unrequited love—a term that is used when one person has strong feelings towards another that is not reciprocated. Or in other words, someone is in love with someone else who is not interested. It is also about realistic and complicated love, which means that the persona of the poem wants to express his emotions towards the addressee but he feared to show because in reality, he knew that it is impossible for them to be together, thus, this depicts the persona’s complicated feelings or emotions and the reality of their relationship to each other. The poem illustrates farewell and goodluck to the addressee. To summarize the poem, it is about a man who is in love with someone else or he secretly in love with, who is not interested. He wants to express his feelings to the addressee but he feared to express it, due to his complicated emotions, he chose not to say his emotions because in reality, the addressee will not love him back. Instead of obvious insisting his feelings towards the addressee, the man shows farewell and goodluck to the person he loved most. III. Stylistic Analysis A. Stylistic Tools Phonology Phonology is the study of how sounds are organized and used in natural languages. It has a phonological system of a language includes, an inventory of sounds and their features, and rules which specify how sounds interact with each other. In other words, Phonology is just one of several aspects of language. It is related to other aspects such as phonetics, morphology, syntax, and pragmatics (Sil, 2004). Hence, in Stylistic analysis, Phonology is one of the suited units of analysis in poetry. Basic Sound Patterns Sound devices are resources used by poets to express and emphasize the meaning or experience of poetry through the skilful use of sound. After all, poets are trying to use a focused blend of sound and imagery to form an emotional response. The words and their order should evoke images, and the words themselves have sounds, which can reinforce or otherwise clarify those images. Sound patterns have different elements that show the nature of poetry, and these are the following: 1. Alliteration C-V-C Alliteration is the repetition of the same letter or sounds at the beginning of two or more words immediately succeeding each other, or at short intervals. e. g Dewdrops dancing on the drifting dust made for a dreary day. 2. Assonance C-V-C Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds in nearby words. It is used to reinforce the meanings of words or to set the mood. e. g Try to light the fire. 3. Consonance C-V-C Consonance is the repetition of consonant sounds by not vowel sounds. e. g Some mammals are clammy. 4. Reverse Rhyme C-V-C Reverse Rhyme it is the repetition of consonant and vowel sounds which happen at the beginning. e. g brainless, bracelet, brakeless 5. Pararhyme C-V-C Pararhyme is the repetition of of first and the last consonant sounds. e. g bat and brat 6. Rhyme C-V-C Rhyme is the repetition of similar sounds. In poetry, the most common kind of rhyme is the end rhyme, which occurs at the end of two or more lines. It is usually identified with lower case letters, and a new letter is used to identify each new end sound. e. g I saw a fairy in the wood, He was dressed all in green. He drew his sword while I just stood, And realized I’d been seen. 7. Repetition is anything that is repeated. e. g â€Å"goodnight goodnight, parting time is such a sweet sorrow that I shall say goodnight till it be morrow† — Romeo and Juliet, W. Shakespeare These sounds or elements of sounds are used by the poets to convey the meaning of the text. In this procedure, the poet or author strengthen the vividness of the imagery of the poem to discern its effects or significance of the text. Sound Symbolism Sound symbolism is the study of the direct relationship between the sound of an utterance and its meaning (Hinton, 1999). Sound symbolism is persistent among the world’s languages. Furthermore, sound symbolism plays a significant role in language, especially at the affective level. Essential to the study of cognitive poetics is the concept of sound symbolism, which has been defined differently by different authors but here refers to cases in which ‘a sound unit such as a phoneme, syllable, feature, or tone is said to go beyond its linguistic function as a contrastive, non-meaning-bearing unit, to directly express some kind of meaning’ (Nuckolls,1999). Jespersen (1922) made the claims that sounds that are suggestive of meaning (which he claims happens through association, not because a sound intrinsically has a specific meaning) ‘makes words more fit to survive and give them considerable help in their struggle for existence’. Mithun (1982) notes that, in many languages, ‘words for noises, animal cries, mental states, physical states, and actions, termed by Fudge ‘expressive vocabulary,’ seem particularly resistant to regular phonetic change’. She goes on to give the specific example of Iroquoian languages, where expressive terms are ‘characterized by special syntactic, morphological, and phonological patterns’. Expressive vocabulary and taboo words contain sounds that do not occur elsewhere. She also claims that expressive vocabulary in Iroquoian languages is imitative and therefore resistant to phonological change. While she does not make specific claims about certain sounds being related to certain meanings, her data suggest that phonemes do have a relationship to meaning in Iroquoian ideophones, but that relationship may be imitative rather than iconic or symbolic. The significance of sound, sound patterns and sound symbolism is that in terms of writing texts, particularly poetry, it helps the poets or writers convey the message of the text in implicit manner. This may add to the aesthetic effects of writing poetry while on the readers, the advantage is that, it helps them to understand, appreciate and feel the emotions of the text that the poet is trying to convey. Every sounds of the text has its meaning, whether it describe or gives emphasis to the text. B. Stylistic Tool/ Discussion of coding In this short phonological analysis it begins with the analysis of the sound pattern of the poem. In each sound pattern, it has shaded area where it shows the comprehensibility of the analysis after that, the researchers tabulated it to find the frequency and percentage form the least number of sound pattern used up to the most number of sound pattern used. Alliteration, Assonance, Consonance, Rhyme and Repetition To —- BY PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY One word is too often profaned For me to profane it, One feeling too falsely disdained For thee to disdain it; One hope is too like despair For prudence to smother, And pity from thee more dear Than that from another. I can give not what men call love, But wilt thou accept not The worship the heart lifts above And the Heavens reject not,— The desire of the moth for the star, Of the night for the morrow, The devotion to something afar From the sphere of our sorrow? As can be seen in the text, the most number of shaded sound patterns belongs to Rhyme. As rhyme pattering is concerned, two types of rhyme to be distinguished. First, in the first stanza of the text, the shaded rhyming words are rhyme has several syllables and the stressed rhyming syllable, which means that this type of rhyme is Feminine (Latham, 2010). While on the second stanza, same as in first stanza of the text, the shaded rhyming words are in feminine type expect from the first line of the 2nd stanza. (â€Å"love†), thus, it shows the masculine rhyme—single stressed syllable (Costa,2000). The least number of sound pattern used in the text is the Consonance. The sound /t/ occur once in the first and second line of the 2nd stanza. In this two lines practically all the consonants are plosives. To them is generally associated a sound of harshness and hardness (Costa,2000). The use of one masculine rhyme in text depicts the persona of the poem which is man†, while the remaining feminine rhymes depict the addressee, which is â€Å"woman†. The connection of those two types of rhymes that were distinguished in the text is that, the â€Å"man†, who is in love with the addressee (woman), but the addressee know nothing about the man’s feeling towards her. The use of one consonance in the text, ill ustrates the volume of hardness of the feelings to the persona to express is least. Therefore, it shows the persona’s attitude which is fearful of expressing his thoughts to the addressee and due to this, it is explained suitable for the theme of the poem—unrequited love. Figure 1. Sound Pattern Percentage Sound Pattern| Frequency| Percentage (%)| Consonance| 1| 5| Assonance| 3| 16| Alliteration| 4| 21| Repetition| 4| 21| Rhyme| 7| 37| TOTAL| 19| 100| As revealed by the number of percentage of the sound pattern used in the poem, Rhyme has the most number of percentages. This shows that rhymed stanzas are used in lyrical poetry. Traditionally, in romantic era, lyrical poetry use rhymed stanzas to convey or express strong feelings thus, the significant use of the it is that, it reveals the fusion of sound and sense in the poem. How to cite Stylistic Analysis: â€Å"To—† by Peter Shelley, Essay examples

Big city or small town free essay sample

Today I’d like to say something about big city and small town. It sounds charming to see stars at night, to plant fruits in the garden, or to picnic on the lawn, rural life distinguished itself in being closer to nature. But truth to be told, living close to nature also means that there will be plenty of animals and insects visiting your home and vegetation. Surely Fish is more inclined to enjoy itself in marine environment instead of being stuck in a small pond. So are humans. City born and city bred, the quiet life of country has never appealed to me and I fancy the adventurous and splendid life of city. To begin with, living in a big city can enjoy the best services and entertainment as well as more opportunities. In a megalopolis, the government and wealthy people  have invested lots of capital and resources in providing people with fabulous facilities, services and infrastructure like big cinemas, theatres, stadiums, big shopping malls, the best medical services, good education resources, uncountable restaurants, theme parks, museums, convenient transport systems, etc, resulting in more job opportunities and choices. We will write a custom essay sample on Big city or small town or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These are all rarely found in small towns as most of them are located in suburbs where population density is low and transportation is poor, so it will be very boring and inconvenient to live in a small town. In addition, living in a metropolis can broaden your horizons. With a very dense population, big cities such as New York contain a diverse realm of ideas and innovations, as well as different high valued cultural activities and lifestyles. There are uncountable things to do, thousands of all sorts of unique or strange or interesting people to meet, and numerous places to visit every day, and much more opportunities to explore various cultures and knowledge. On the other hand, a small town has a strong homogeneity, in which all people in the town share similar ideas and attitudes, so what people in a small town can experience and learn is limited to the town: what you can know are only the ideas of your neighbors, who you can meet are only the people from the same town, where you can go are only the areas nearby! Only in the big city can people satisfy their curiosity of the outside world, their thirst for knowledge and their eagerness of gaining different experiences. Last but not least, a big city is vibrant while a small town is comparatively boring. In small towns, people usually live a stable, slow and simple lifestyle, which consists of very little changes in everyday life. However, in a big city, citizens live and work at a fast pace. People in big cities can therefore enjoy a more exciting, glamorous and productive life. Although a hurrying lifestyle may cause great pressure to the people involved, the invigorating life it brings about is very attractive. Although some people may argue that small towns have less pollution and are close to nature. Life there seems delightful but it will absolutely be very dull for youngsters like us to repeat the same simple and relax living style day and night. I embrace challenges and new things more, so despite the concentrated pollution and distance from the natural world, I still fancy the life in a big city. All in all, the life of a city dweller is more adventurous and splendid, while the life in small towns is rather simple and plain. Hence, small towns may be a good choice for retired, but not energetic university students like us. Thank you very much!

Customer satisfaction and service delivery from X

Introduction The business environment today has become highly competitive. Any business willing to sustain itself through tight competition and impressive profitability, in the long run, has to devote its efforts in attracting new customers as well as retaining existing ones (Hallowell, 1996, p. 27).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Customer satisfaction and service delivery from X-restaurant specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Latest empirical research has demonstrated that the only way businesses can attain above goals is through long term customer satisfaction (Chen Hu, 2010, p.535). It is against this reason that the term customer satisfaction attracted more attention in the last two decades. This paradigm shift in attention was due to benefits associated with customer satisfaction. Additionally, several studies have also supported the hypothesis that customer satisfaction increases price loyalty, posit ive word of mouth advertisement and boosts customer loyalty. Undoubtedly, customer satisfaction can be directly linked to customer retention and growth of a firm’s share in the market (Hallowell, 1996, p. 30). It is against this background that it has become critical for businesses to improve quality of their services since it immensely and positively contributes to customer satisfaction. Service delivery occurs when the service provider and the customer interact. During this interaction, commonly known as service encounter, the customer’s gauge the quality of the service provided and related the experience with the preconceived ideas (Chen Hu, 2010, p.540). If the quality of the service received exceeds the expected outcomes, the customer is usually satisfied. However, if the encountered quality of service falls below the expected, dissatisfaction is inevitable (Chen Hu, 2010, p.546). The type of service encounter that a customer experience is what leads to either s ervice failure or success. Previous researches in the service industry have identified several characteristics that customers use to gauge the quality of service being offered. To begin with, customers are concerned with the timeliness and convenience of the service. A case-specific study in the restaurant industry showed that customers are concerned with time taken to receive their orders.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Likewise, studies in the service industry like mail delivery shows customers will be dissatisfied if the provider does not dwell on timeliness and convenience (Chen Hu, 2010, p.537). Secondly, customers are more concerned with personal attention they receive from a company’s employee during service delivery (Chen Hu, 2010, p.538). They will also gauge the level of employee competence and professionalism as well as responsiveness incase of a query or a problem. Finally, availability, reliability and dependability of the service are key determinants in customer satisfaction (Chen Hu, 2010, p.538). Hallowell (1996, p. 42) adds that time factors is the most important aspect that determines customer satisfaction in this fast-paced environment. According to Hallowell (1996, p. 38), any business willing to survive in the cut-throat competitive business environment should consider improving the above factors. This is because the negative effects of customer dissatisfaction can have disastrous effects on a business. Chen and Hu (2010, p.542) add that a dissatisfied customer tends to complain mainly to friends and other acquaintances, thus creating a negative corporate image. This negative publicity through the word of mouth will impact on a business negatively since it dissuades other potential customers from that particular service provider. The strong correlation between customer satisfaction and loyalty is what has led ma rketers to design slogans that exemplify the same (Chen Hu, 2010, p.558). As aforementioned, customers want to be appreciated and the above marketing strategy is one way of communicating the same to existing and potential customers. Literature in marketing classifies customer loyalty under two distinct categories. The first distinction is where customer loyalty is viewed as an attitude (Hallowell, 1996, p. 27-42). The attitude of an individual is what creates emotional feelings that are responsible for detaching or attaching the person to the product or service. That positive attachment is what breeds to customer loyalty (Hallowell, 1996, p. 28). The second distinction is that which treats customer loyalty as behavioral. Hallowell (1996, p. 28) relates the above classification with a situation where a customer after many purchases from a particular provider becomes royal based on the outcome of a past relationship.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Cus tomer satisfaction and service delivery from X-restaurant specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The above literature has exemplified that there is a direct correlation between customer satisfaction and quality of service delivery. The many elements of service delivery impact either negatively or positively on customer satisfaction. Armed with the above information, I will undertake a qualitative research to determine the level of customer satisfaction among X-restaurant customers. Decision and research problem to be addressed The vital role of customer satisfaction to the success of a business is what has led most businesses to focus their effort on analyzing customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction levels (Chen Hu, 2010, p.542). For the last two decades, the business environment has experienced what may be termed as customer service revolution. This revolution came about when marketers realized customer satisfaction as the core of any b usiness (Chen Hu, 2010, p.550). Since then, consultants in business have undertaken researches to determine characteristics that an organization should adopt to attract and retain more customers. As exemplified above, businesses have realized the need to focus on customer satisfaction so as to increase customer loyalty, increase customer base, jump-start their revenues and profits, increase their market share and above all to survive in the competitive world. The focus has shifted from attaining higher profits towards rejuvenating customer experience. Scholars and other interest groups have tried to define the term customer satisfaction. The definition, however, has been very elusive as customer satisfaction levels vary from one situation to another depending on the type of goods or services (Hallowell, 1996, p. 29). Despite the disparities in opinion, customer satisfaction has been viewed as an emotion element that is partly dependent on the customer’s expectation. The vari ability of customer satisfaction levels is what led individual business to conduct customer surveys to determine what their customers want (Chen Hu, 2010, p.548). According to Chen and Hu (2010, p.548), customer surveys are important as the results can act as a guideline in designing the methods of increasing customer experience levels. Numerous case studies have been conducted to investigate the correlation between customer satisfaction and service quality. However, researches that are focused on assessing the same in the restaurant industry have been limited. Further, the few that have been conducted focus on restaurants where the customer goes to the place of service delivery.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This study will be unique as it focuses on customer satisfaction levels and service delivery from X-restaurant that provides outside catering services. The study will analyze quality factors such as food quality, X-restaurant staff responsiveness, timeliness, pricing and complaints response, to find out how they influence customer satisfaction. In addition, depending on the availability of resources, the study will identify the negative attributes that lead to X-restaurant customers’ dissatisfaction. The solution on how the above attributes if any will be provided. Significance of the study This study is important since collected data will shed light on the attributes that influence customer satisfaction in outside catering restaurant business. As exemplified, studies that explore a similar topic as the one being studied are very limited; hence, the results of the study will contribute positively to the literature. The study’s finding will create awareness to the manag ers of X-restaurant on whether their service is eliciting the desired outcomes. Assuming high levels of customer dissatisfaction are identified, the information on what makes the customer dissatisfied can be used to modify the element of service delivery. Research objectives Main objective To investigate customer satisfaction level with the services provided by X-restaurant. Specific objectives To establish the link between customer satisfaction and quality service delivery. To determine what elements of service delivery leads to customer satisfaction To investigate what elements of service delivery makes X-restaurant customers to be dissatisfaction To determine the effects customer satisfaction/dissatisfaction on X-restaurants profits To find out what elements of service delivery the customers of X-restaurant customer would like to be improved To investigate the impact of customer satisfaction/dissatisfaction levels on X-restaurant image Research hypothesis The research questio ns highlighted above will be answered under one broad hypothesis. Hypothesis 1: Customer satisfaction is dependent on quality and reliability of the service Many empirical studies have focused on the relationship between customer satisfaction and reliability of the expected service. These studies have concluded that reliability of service affected customer service either negatively or positively. Reliability is gauged on whether the provider delivers the service, both in an accurate and dependable manner (Hallowell, 1996, p. 34). Customers will gauge service delivery based on their perception of what they consider to be accurate, dependable and consistent (Hallowell, 1996, p. 32). The results will either qualify or disqualify the above hypothesis. The finished research study is expected to include an abstract, introduction, literature review, methodology, findings and discussions as well as conclusion Methodology This research study will give emphasis on the analysis of customer sat isfaction based on the level of service they receive from X-restaurant. The factors that lead to the satisfaction or dissatisfaction will also be analyzed. To achieve the above goals, data for analysis will be obtained from primary and secondary sources. The primary sources data will be obtained from respondents using primary data collection methods. For primary data collection, both qualitative and quantitative approaches will be applied. The combination of the above approaches is necessary since each will cover limitations of the other (Hallowell, 1996, p. 38). The qualitative approach to be employed will be in the form of surveys. Customer surveys will be conducted by use of questionnaires. On, the other hand, secondary data will be obtained from literature materials published in scholarly publications. The published materials will be consulted to obtain the information necessary for designing the data collection materials. To gain more understanding on the factors that affect cu stomer satisfaction, journals and books on customer perception will be reviewed. Research Plan The proposed research will be undertaken within a period of one month. This is due to the fact that the study will be limited in scope as it will only explore customer satisfaction with the quality of service they receive from an outside catering restaurant X. The first week will be dedicated to carrying out research to identify restaurant businesses that offered outside catering services. The goal is to identify more than 10 businesses to enable random sampling. The following week will be dedicated towards distribution of data collection materials to the customers of the identified restaurant. The data collection materials will be administered to the identified customers to measure their perception of the quality of service they received from the said businesses. After data collection, data analysis will be commenced in the following week. The collected data will be measured against the r elevant data from previous researches. This will assist in results interpretation and discussion of the same. The data analysis and results interpretation task will be combined with final presentation of the findings. It is expected that with the availability of the needed resources in terms of literature, personnel and finances, the research will be completed successfully within the timeline identified. There are quite a number of limitations and opportunities that are likely to be encountered when conducting this research study on customer satisfaction. The limitations which may be encountered evolve around primary research. For instance, honesty and thoroughness of the answers in the questionnaires will be an area of concern. Some responses given by the participants may not thorough or honest enough. Another limitation will be in relation to the interviews; it may be cumbersome to obtain the right respondents for the interviews, especially if adequate time and financial resources is not allocated to the study. For the secondary research methodology, some of the challenges that may be inevitable include outdated sources, and the confidentiality of certain reference materials that require authentication before accessing the data. References Chen, P. Hu, H. 2010. â€Å"How determinant attributes of service quality influence customer-perceived value: An empirical investigation of the Australian coffee outlet industry†, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 22 (4): 535 – 551. Hallowell, R. 1996. â€Å"The relationships of customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and profitability: an empirical study†, International Journal of Service Industry Management, 7 (4): 27-42. This research paper on Customer satisfaction and service delivery from X-restaurant was written and submitted by user Karlee O. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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Free Essays on Rousseaus Social Contract

What Freedom? One of the most thought provoking ideas in Rousseau’s Social Contract was when he stated that â€Å"Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.† Today, this very same idea still stands true. Everywhere you look, there is an example of a person being tied to, or answering to another. It is sad to think that even though it is our constitutional right to be free, no one can ever be absolutely free. An example of man being in chains could lie within the family. Until most people are 18, they are expected to obey their parents, regardless of how they may feel. Even if a teenager is completely responsible and trustworthy, his parents may decide against something he wants to do, whether it be going to a party or going to the mall to ‘hang out’. It all depends on the type of parents a teenager may have. If this teen decides to do whatever he wants, then his parents will lose a sense of respect and trust for him, even if he did nothing wrong. Sadly, things happen in our world that make it impossible for parents to agree to everything teens want to do. So, in a sense, it is almost society that puts the chains on teenagers. Either way, a lot of teens do not get to experience as much as they would like because of how parents feel about what is going on around them. Another good example of how we are in chains lies inside each and every one of us. We are sometimes held back by our own values and beliefs of the world around us. For instance, a person may feel it necessary to act outside of his usual boundaries, but not do so because he is afraid of how others will view him and how he will feel about himself. If I were to decide I wanted to go to a party, I would feel very uncomfortable because it is not something I do. My beliefs and feelings would interfere with what I want to do, so in a way, I am held back by my own chains. Still, another example lies in the federal and state governments. There ... Free Essays on Rousseaus Social Contract Free Essays on Rousseaus Social Contract What Freedom? One of the most thought provoking ideas in Rousseau’s Social Contract was when he stated that â€Å"Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.† Today, this very same idea still stands true. Everywhere you look, there is an example of a person being tied to, or answering to another. It is sad to think that even though it is our constitutional right to be free, no one can ever be absolutely free. An example of man being in chains could lie within the family. Until most people are 18, they are expected to obey their parents, regardless of how they may feel. Even if a teenager is completely responsible and trustworthy, his parents may decide against something he wants to do, whether it be going to a party or going to the mall to ‘hang out’. It all depends on the type of parents a teenager may have. If this teen decides to do whatever he wants, then his parents will lose a sense of respect and trust for him, even if he did nothing wrong. Sadly, things happen in our world that make it impossible for parents to agree to everything teens want to do. So, in a sense, it is almost society that puts the chains on teenagers. Either way, a lot of teens do not get to experience as much as they would like because of how parents feel about what is going on around them. Another good example of how we are in chains lies inside each and every one of us. We are sometimes held back by our own values and beliefs of the world around us. For instance, a person may feel it necessary to act outside of his usual boundaries, but not do so because he is afraid of how others will view him and how he will feel about himself. If I were to decide I wanted to go to a party, I would feel very uncomfortable because it is not something I do. My beliefs and feelings would interfere with what I want to do, so in a way, I am held back by my own chains. Still, another example lies in the federal and state governments. There ...

A short (c. 1500 words) concept note or description that synthesises Essay

A short (c. 1500 words) concept note or description that synthesises and summarises the key ideas, theories, policies and practi - Essay Example However, they used informal methods of learning which could be different from the current methods that are used. Apparently, the informal education relied on informal ways of learning which were considered social ways of learning. The old people in the society had an obligation to ensure the young generation in the society was learned through informal ways of learning (Sinagatullin, 2006: 12). Though this was at times considered an indigenous way of learning, the young generation was able to get vital teachings from the elders. With continued processes, the generation acquired the required skills in life. This led to development of better ways of teaching and learning which was passed to the next generation. This states the origin of education and how it was influential in the past decades. Globalisation is one aspect that is considered an important aspect that has led to the change from informal education to formal education. Many regions were stuck to their informal ways of educati ng the young generation. In their own thoughts, they were suitable to the upcoming generation. There are several reasons that led to the stagnation of such practices in most areas. First, mobility and immigration was unheard of. People in their ancestral land were locked in such areas and they did not feel the need to move to other places in the world. The people were living in their own way of life, which was comfortable according to their needs. These people did not have information flow from other places of the world, and as such, they did not have a comparison of the outside world. In fact, people believed that their way of life was more suitable than any other. However with the cropping up of the concept of globalisation, many other aspects of life changed. First, globalisation led to exchange of information from other parts of the world. This led to deeper comparisons between places and people felt the need to change their educational standards. For example, many people acquir ed formal information from already developed countries. This would be important in ensuring these countries are developing just like the other countries that are already developed (Zajda, 2010:101). For example, South Africa felt the need to copy the Australian way of education. South Africa was not as developed as Australia and it felt the need to adapt a different form of learning. This would improve the quality of education in South Africa to the standards of the education in Australia. Industrialisation is one of the most savoured outcomes of globalisation, especially in the education sector. The education sector needs motivations to be well equipped (Ben-Peretz, 2009:75). For example, the education sector looks at the outcomes of educating people in a certain sector and implements such education syllabuses. A concrete example is development of syllabuses that will equip people to participate in the industrialisation sector. The educational governing bodies will enhance their sy llabuses when looking for better ways of making an industrialised country. For example, the educational sector developed syllabuses for engineers, managers and other professionals that would equip the country with managers that would run industries. This led to massive improvement in education sector since the syllabuses were welcoming many people that would be professionals. This was only after the cropping up of industries that needed works, labourers and managers. Though the

General Background information about Bayer Health Care company Research Paper

General Background information about Bayer Health Care company - Research Paper Example Instead the mission and vision statement for the Bayer group have been given below. The mission statement, features the slogan â€Å"Bayer: Science for a Better Life,† and summarizes the Group’s goals, strategies and values. The mission statement underscores Bayer’s willingness as an inventor company to help shape the future and our determination to come up with innovations that benefit humankind. Of special importance in this respect are new products emerging from Bayer’s active substance research, the consumer health business, the growth markets of Asia and new areas such as biotechnology and nanotechnology. In the future, Bayer will focus on innovation and growth in the areas of health care, nutrition and high-tech materials. The company is also driven by a set of values that include: A Will to Succeed; A passion for our stakeholders; Integrity, Openness and honesty; Respect for people and nature; Sustainability of our actions. The Bayer Group was founded in 1863 in Germany and is nearly 150 years old in its operations. As mentioned in the introduction, the company is considered a â€Å"blue-chip† company and the Health Care division is considered a very profitable one. All over the world, the name Bayer is synonymous with Trust, Reliability and Responsibility. The company has other divisions as well though the Pharma division is the one that is the most known of the divisions and is the focus of this paper. To quote from the website, â€Å"Headquartered in Leverkusen,  Bayer HealthCare  researches, develops, manufactures and markets innovative products for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The company thus plays an important part in improving the health of people and animals. This subgroup comprises four global divisions: Animal Health, Consumer Care, Medical Care (Diabetes Care and MEDRAD) and Bayer Schering Pharma AG, Germany*. Bayer HealthCare has  53,400 employees’ worldwide and generated sales of EUR 15,988

Transient Over Voltages Analysis In Power System Engineering Essay

Transient Over Voltages Analysis In Power System Engineering Essay Transient over-voltage is one of main causes for unscheduled interruption in power transmission and distribution systems including a smart grid. A surge over-voltage due to lightning and switching operation results in damages in an electrical power system and often leads to power outages. Predictive calculations of over-voltages generated by the lightning and the switching operation in the transmission and distribution systems are most essential for an economical insulation design and a reliable operation of the transmission and distribution systems. The transient over-voltage can be high frequency, medium frequency or low frequency. The transient over-voltage is dangerous to both lines as well as the connected equipment and may cause damage to the equipment. This project analyzes the transient at the load after switching. This project will discuss about analyzing a transient over-voltages which is the cause and the effect of the transient over-voltages. The method to solve this tran sient over-voltages also been discussed in this project. The PSCAD simulation is used for the transient analysis in this project to design the power system circuits. Problem Statement Voltage transient in Electric Power System appear several disturbances, sometimes very dangerous for the electrical equipment life, for the environment and for the human life. Switching transient phenomena produce in Power Systems over-voltages, over-currents and electrical fields, which havent to neglect. Thus was modeling and simulated the switching transient phenomena, consequently the electric fields and the possible negative influence about electrical equipment, environment and human life. Voltage transient in power system are cause by switching operation, lightning and faults in the system. The over-voltages can be dangerous to both the lines as well as the connected equipment and may cause damage to the equipment. Purpose of this project is to analyze the transient over-voltages at the load and to identify the method to reduce the effect of transient over-voltages. 1.2 Project Objective The objective of this project is as follows: Identify the effect and the cause of transient over-voltages and also the method to solving transient over-voltages. Simulate the transient over-voltages at the load after switching and design the power system circuits by using PSCAD simulation. Analyze the result after switching and after use pre-insertion resistor. 1.3 Project Scope In order to achieve the objective of this project, there are several scopes had been outlined as follows: Analysis on the distribution system. Generating the transient over-voltages waveform by using PSCAD simulation. The analysis is just focusing into transient over-voltages that occur because of the switching capacitor. Chapter 2 2.0 Literature Review 2.1 Introduction Voltage transients in power systems are caused by switching actions, lightning and faults in the system. Different phenomena create different types of transients. Oscillatory transients are caused mainly by switching phenomena in the network. The most common switching action is capacitor bank switching. The most severe transients are caused by capacitor energizing while capacitor de-energizing only causes a minor transient. Oscillatory transients are characterized by duration, magnitude and spectral content. There are subclasses of oscillatory transients depending on the dominant frequency. In this project it will more focus on switching devices. 2.2 Power System Electric power system is a very important part of the infrastructure of modern society. The power system today is very complex interconnected network. Electric power system is the system that can transform and change the form of the energy into electrical energy and transmit it to consumer. Technology today still cannot store the electricity that has been produced. The electrical energy only produce when needed or it will use after it is produced. As the effect, the management on the electricity becomes hard and difficult. The power system may be subdivided into the four major subsystems which are Generation subsystem, Transmission subsystem, Distribution subsystem and utilize subsystem. Figure 2.1 shows the power system that divided into generation, transmission and distribution. Figure 2.1: The Electric Power System 2.2.1 Generation Subsystem There are two major components in the generation system which is generators and transformers. For generators, an essential component of power systems is the three phase alternating current, ac, generator known as synchronous generator or alternator [1]. The source of the mechanical power, commonly known as the prime mover, may be hydraulic turbines, steam turbines whose energy comes from the burning of coal, gas and nuclear fuel, gas turbines, or occasionally internal combustion engines burning oil [1]. Some alternate sources used are solar power, geothermal power, wind power, tidal power and biomass. The power transformer transfer power with very high efficiency from one level of voltage to another level [1]. The transformer is been used to step up or step down the voltage. Insulation requirements and other practical design problems limit the generated voltage to low value, usually 30 kV. The step up is used for transmission of power. At the receiving end of the transmission lines, step down transformers are used to reduce the voltage to suitable values for distribution or utilization. The electricity in an electric power system may undergo four or five transformations between generator and consumers [1]. 2.2.2 Transmission Subsystem An overhead transmission network transfer electric power from generating units to the distribution system which ultimately supplies the load. It also interconnects neighboring utilities which allow the economic dispatch of power within regions during normal conditions, and the transfer of power between regions during emergencies. The network that interconnected between the utilities and load is called system grid [2]. The transmission line can be categorized into two categories which are high voltage transmission line and sub transmission line system. The difference between these two systems is in the voltage where for the high voltage, the level for transmission line voltage can reach 500kV and for sub transmission are in between 69kV to 138kV. All the transmission will be terminated at the substation [1]. 2.2.3 Distribution Subsystem The distribution system connects the distribution substations to the consumers service-entrance equipment. The voltage for this type of system has been reduced by using step down transformer from 66 kV to 22 kV and below. The secondary distribution network reduces the voltages for utilization by commercial and residential consumers. Lines and cables not exceeding a few hundred feet in length then deliver power to the individual consumers. The secondary distribution serves most of the customers at levels of 240 V for single phase and 415 V for three phases. Distribution systems are both overhead and underground. The growth of underground distribution has been extremely rapid and as much as 70 percent of new residential construction is via underground systems [1]. 2.2.4 Utilization Subsystem The utilities system or power system loads are divided into three main categories which are industrial, commercial and residential. Industrial loads are composite loads and induction motors form a high proportion of these loads [1]. These composite loads are functions of voltage and frequency and form a major part of the system load [1]. On the other hand, commercial and residential loads consist largely of lighting, heating, air conditioning and cooking [1]. These loads are independent of frequency and consume negligibly small reactive power [1]. The load varies throughout the day and power must be available to consumers on demand. The daily-load curve of a utility is a composite of demand made by various classes of users. The greatest value of load during 24 hour period is called the peak or maximum demand [1]. 2.3 Transient Over-voltages Transient is a sudden increase in current or voltage in a circuit that can damage sensitive components and instruments. Transient overvoltages are a voltage peak with a maximum duration of less than one millisecond. It can be high, medium, or low frequency. Transient overvoltages on power system are due to various causes and can be classified into two main categories, external and internal overvoltages [3]. Natural overvoltages on low voltage networks are caused by direct lightning strikes. Lightning is an external overvoltage. The high level of energy contained in a direct lightning strike on a lightning conductor or an overhead low voltage line leads to considerable damage of the installation. The overvoltages can be over 20 times the nominal voltage. Operating or switching overvoltages linked to a networks equipment create overvoltages of a lower level 3 to 5 times the nominal voltage but occur much more frequently, thus causing premature ageing of the equipment. Switching overvol tages is an internal overvoltage. Transient overvoltages are generally oscillatory and take the form of a damped sinusoid. The frequency of these overvoltages may vary from a few hundred Hz to a few kHz and it is governed by the inherent capacitances and inductances of the circuit. 2.2 Switching Capacitor Equipment containing electronic switching components is also likely to generate electrical disturbances comparable to over-voltages. The consequences of which on sensitive equipment, albeit not visible, are no less detrimental: premature ageing and unpredictable or fleeting breakdowns. Operating over-voltages are produced when reactive or capacitive equipment is switched on and off. Furthermore, interrupting factory production, lighting or transformers can generate over-voltages which will themselves cause greater damage to nearby electrical equipment. In general, these over-voltages are caused by transient phenomena which appear when the state of the network is changed by switching operation or fault condition. Example of these over-voltages is switching on and off equipment, such as switching of high voltage reactors and switching of a transformer at no load. The time duration of the switching over-voltages is longer than lightning. This overvoltage is most disastrous to the power system equipments because it happen many time than lightning. Closing, opening, disconnection and re-striking in a power system circuit result in over-voltages six times than the normal voltage. Shunt capacitors banks are common devices used in power system for reactive power compensation, voltage regulation and power factor correction. These capacitors are implemented in the system in order to control system voltage, increase power transfer capability, reduce equipment loading, and reduce energy costs by improving power factor of the system. However, energizing these shunt capacitors produces a transient oscillation in the power systems. Due to the fact that the operation of switching shunt capacitors happens frequently, shunt capacitor switching is regarded as the main source of generating transient voltages on many utility systems. These transients can cause damages on both utility systems and customer systems, depending on the system parameters such as switched shunt capacitor size, transformer size, and the type of customer loads connected to the system. Transient frequencies due to utility distribution capacitor switching usually fall in the range 300 Hz to 1000 Hz. Transient over-voltages which result are usually not of concern to the utility, since peak magnitudes are just below the level in which utility surge protection, such as arresters, begins to operate. However, because of the relatively low frequency, these transients will pass through step-down transformers to customer loads. Secondary over-voltages can c ause voltage magnification or nuisance tripping of adjustable-speed drives. Figure 2.2 show the example of single line diagram of the power system using shunt capacitor. Figure 2.3 show the transient voltage at the switched shunt capacitor. This is the example of the transient in the voltage waveform. Figure 2.4 show the transient voltage at the low voltage capacitor that has been magnetized. Figure 2.2: Example of Single Line Diagram of the Power System Using Shunt Capacitor Figure 2.3: Transient Voltages at the Switched Shunt Capacitor Figure 2.4: Magnified Transient Voltage at the Low Voltage Capacitor 2.3 Pre-Insertion Resistor There are several techniques to mitigation the switching transient in the distribution circuit and one of the techniques that use in this project is pre-insertion resistor. A pre-insertion resistor provides a means for reducing the transient voltages associated with the energization of a shunt capacitor bank. The resistors were connected in series with the controlled capacitor bank to damp the transient inrush current. The resistor is bypassed shortly after the initial transient dissipates, thereby producing second transient event. An additional switch is use to bypass this resistor. The performance of pre-insertion resistor is evaluated using both the insertion and bypass transient magnitudes, as well as the capability to dissipate the energy associated with the event and repeat the event on a regular basis. The size for this resistor was calculated from equation 2.1 and 2.2. The optimum resistor value for controlling capacitor energizing transients depends primarily on the capacito r size and the source strength. The value of the resistor is approximately equal to the surge impedance, Zo, from equation 2.3. R = (2.1) Z = (2.2) Roptimum ≈ Z (2.3) Chapter 3 3.0 Methodology 3.1 Introduction This chapter describes about the step that needed in this project. Figure 3.1 show the block diagram of analysis and figure 3.2 show the flowchart of the process analysis. This block diagram shows the step from the first step of the project which is design the circuit to the final step which is result and analysis. Design Circuit Placing Input and Output Devices Running Simulation Result and Analysis Figure 3.1: The Block Diagram of Analysis In order to get the result from the Power System Computer Aided Design (PSCAD), the user should follow the step as follow in the Figure 3.2. Figure 3.2: Flowchart of Process Analysis 3.2 Design Circuit This is the process to build up the diagram of the circuit for the analysis. The user need to choose and selecting component from master library and put it in the main page where the user will construct the circuit. There are many components with a different type of setting. The user only need to double click on the component to edit or changes the setting and parameter. Project development consists of two parts electronic and software designs. Figure 3.2 show the three phase source that use in this project. This source impedance is type R because resistor connected series with the source. The source in this project is being controlled through fixed parameter. Figure 3.2: Three Phase Source Figure 3.3 show the three phase transformer that use in this project. The type of the transformer is a three phase and two winding transformer. The transformer is connected in star delta connection. Other characteristic for the transformer in this project is the transformer use to step up the voltage. Figure 3.3: Three Phase Transformer 3.3 Placing Input and Output Devices This process is used to get the measurement, signal and waveform of the graph in selecting part or component. The output device must be placed at the point of measurement before plotting can be done on the drawing space. Without this device, the PSCAD cannot create the plotting and the result cannot be obtained. After the circuit had already been executed and there is no error, the output from the circuit or diagram will be obtained. Figure 3.4 shows some of the output and input devices that used in this project. Figure 3.4: The input and output devices 3.4 Running Simulation After complete all the circuit design and placing input and output device, the user need to run the circuit to get the result. To run the simulation the user only need to click on the run button in the main toolbar. Figure 3.5 show the location of run button at the main toolbar. The run toolbar have a green color. When this button is pressed, PSCAD will go through several stages of processing the circuit before starting the EMTDC simulation. Figure 3.5: The run button at main toolbar During the run time, the work will be compiling by the PSCAD. The result or output only will produce if there is no error in the setting of the circuit in the drawing or all connection is connected. If there is an error, the warning will appear at output space. Once the program is no error and running, the graph and also the measurement will be produce depending on the selected node. The user also able to pause and zoomed the graph. 3.5 Graph Calculation The graph give the certain value to calculated the overshoot, resonant frequency and also the curve can be identified as an overdamped, underdamped or critical damped. Equation 3.1 is use to calculate the overshoot. Equation 3.2 is uses to calculate the resonant frequency, ωo. % OS = -100 (3.1) ωo = (3.2) The curve is overdamped if ÃŽ ± is bigger than ωo, underdamped if ÃŽ ± is smaller than ωo and critically damped if ÃŽ ± is equal to ωo. Equation 3.3 to 3.8 shows the step to get a value of ÃŽ ±. Figure 3.6 shows the example of the series RLC circuit. Figure 3.6: The Series RLC Circuit Equation 3.3 is equation for series RLC circuit. Equation 3.4 and 3.5 is a root for quadratic equation for 3.3. ( 3.3) (3.4) (3.5) The root for equation 3.4 and 3.5 can be express to equation 3.6 and 3.7. (3.6) (3.7) From equation 3.4 and 3.6, the value for damping factor, ÃŽ ±, calculated as equation 3.8. (3.8) Chapter 4 4.0 Expected Result The transient over-voltages that occur at the load during capacitor switching will be discuss base on result at all buses in the circuit that will be design before doing the simulations. The discussion is about the voltage waveform when transient over-voltages occur and voltage waveform when the simulations using pre-insertion resistors to reduce transient over-voltages. The results of waveform at all buses that will be obtain from PSCAD simulation will be discuss in term of peak voltage, overshoot and weather that waveform is overdamped, underdamped or critically damped. Figure 4.1 show the voltage waveform that will get during capacitor switching at all buses. Figure 4.2 show the voltage waveform that will get at all buses after simulate it using pre-insertion resistor. The transient will be reduce after doing the simulation using pre-insertion resistor. Figure 4.1: Transient Over-voltage Waveform at Buses. Figure 4.2: Voltage Waveform at Buses after Pre-Insertion Resistor. Chapter 5 5.0 Conclusion In PSM 1 all the literature review regarding this project are been studied so at the end of PSM 1 it can be summarized that the objectives of the project will be fulfilled in the next PSM 2, which is to design the circuit, running the PSCAD simulations and analyze the result that obtain from the PSCAD simulations in term of peak voltage, overshoot and weather that waveform is overdamped, underdamped or critically damped. This progress will need more commitment and efforts. In conjunction to achieve that, scope and objectives of this project will be the guideline.

Disabled By Wilfred Owen Essay example -- English Literature

Disabled By Wilfred Owen In my essay,"Disabled" by Wilfred Owen. I am going to describe how successfully he uses poetic techniques to present the true effects of war in his poem. The main technique used in the poem is contrast, as well as other techniques. Which makes the fate of the young man more pitiful. The use of irony, word choice, and powerful images, all create the sense of atmosphere in each stanza. The contrast of mood and tone is used in the first and second stanza, which creates a change of mood. In the first stanza words like "ghastly" and phrases like, "saddening like a hymn", are used by Owen to create a dull and depressing mood. Which represents the mans present life in which he is stuck in. Then in the second stanza words like "gay" are used to create a mood that is very happy and joyful. Which represented the mans past life, before the injury. Contrast is also related to the irony in the poem. Firstly, before his injury all the girls loved him and were fighting to get their hands on him. One of the main reasons he went to war was to "please his...

My Home Town

Belgrade is my hometown which is the largest city in Serbia and the capital. There are several tourists attraction in my hometown, such as Skadarlija, the National Museum, and across from these attractions you can find the National Theatre, Students Square, the Old Palace and several monuments, parks and other museums. The city’s nightlife is wild and exciting for those who enjoy that type of lifestyle. Many young tourists enter the city for the purpose of enjoying the grand nightlife that Belgrade offers.Very often clubs are still operating until dawn in the city and some of the most popular places of interest is the barges that is spread out by the banks of the Sava and Danube Rivers. Belgrade, Serbia is the home of the main head quarters of the national broadcaster Radio-Television Serbia-RTS. They are currently trying to convert this to a public service broadcaster. You can also find the RTS music publishing operation in my hometown. You can find incredible architectural d esigns in Belgrade. There are still Oriental buildings standing in the city spread out over the city.You can also find more modern styles of designs for buildings and homes, which are just as spectacular. Belgrade has a transport system that consists of trams, trolleybuses and regular buses that carry people across the city. Belgrade, Serbia is the twin city to Chicago, Illinois and I guess you can guess that these two cities have much in common. Both cities are extremely busy and offer the residents and visitors many places to visit. Sports are very popular in my hometown. There are too many sports facilities to count and some have said that there is close to 1,000 facilities where sports are played.My city hosted many great sports events, such as the 2005 European Volleyball Championship, the 2005 Eurobasket and the 2006 European Water polo Championship. In the year 2007, Belgrade Serbia will host the European Youth Olympic Festival and in the year, 2009, they will host the Summer Universaide, which was a huge honor since it was selected over other countries, like Poznan and Monterrey. We have two great football clubs which are Red Star Brigade and FK Partisan, along with other first league clubs. Belgrade houses the Marakana, or the Red Star Stadium, which is a major stadium in the city and we also have the Partizan Stadium.Belgrade is the home of the Belgrade Arena where basketball matches are held. You can also find the Pionir Hall and the Tasmajdan Sports Center, where water polo matches are played. We have two state universities in Belgrade and many private schools throughout our city. One of the oldest educational institutions in our city of Belgrade is the Teacher’s College which dates back to the year, 1689. The economy in Belgrade, Serbia has been getting better since the year, 2000. The internationally imposed Trade Embargo caused the economy to decline for a long period of time, in the 1990s.In Belgrade, you will discover many Serbs, Croats , Muslims, Roma, Yugoslavs and Montenegrins. Many of the residents of Belgrade, came from other countries who were seeking a better way of life for themselves and their families. Some of these people ran from their countries as refugees from war and ethnic cleansing. Belgrade is divided into subdivisions. There are 17 municipalities, 10 that have urban status and seven that have suburban status. You can find that most of the municipalities are located on the southern area of the rivers, which are the Danube and the Sava, located in the Sumadija area of Belgrade, Serbia.Most of these municipalities can be found on the south side of the Danube and Sava Rivers. There are three municipalities, which are the Novi Beograd, the Zemun and the Surcin which can be found on the north side of the Sava River, in the Syrmia area of Belgrade. The municipality of Palilula is located on both banks of the Danube River, which is located in the Sumadija and Banat areas, in Serbia. Belgrade has a modera te, continental climate. The hottest month in Belgrade is July and the second hottest month would be August.In these two months, the sun shines for an average of ten hours a day, unlike the months of December and January, which on receive two to three hours of sunshine per day. My hometown of Belgrade has received many prestigious honors, such as the French Legion of Honor, the Serbian Karadorde’s Star with Swords, the Czechoslovak War Cross and the former Yugoslavian Order of the National Hero. In the year, 2006, Belgrade was awarded the incredible title of â€Å"City of the Future of Southern Europe† by the Financial Times of London. This award was quite an honor for the entire city of Belgrade.

WW1 and WW2 Germany, Adolf Hitler, Nazi Archduke Franz Ferdinand - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2157 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/06/18 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: Adolf Hitler Essay World War 1 Essay World War 2 Essay Did you like this example? As for the Origin of this article, it doesnt state who created it, when was it created, or where did it come from but the Purpose of this article was to inform people who were curious as to how Adolf Hitler and the rise of his nazi party caused World War 2. This article describes how Hitler grew to be one of the most powerful and infamous dictators of the 20th century. Students would be the intended audience because its a simple article that doesnt use strong vocabulary and it gives you more than enough facts to understand how Hitler was one of the root causes to World War 2. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "WW1 and WW2: Germany, Adolf Hitler, Nazi Archduke Franz Ferdinand" essay for you Create order The Content of this article establishes how Adolf Hitler, the leader of Germanys nazi party capitalized on economic woes, popular discontent, and political infighting to take full power in Germany in 1933 which helped Germanys invasion of Poland in 1939 and led to the outbreak of World War 2. It also establishes that by 1941 nazi forces took over most of Europe. The Value of this origin is that this article wasnt written during Hitler and his nazi party were taking over, this was written after. If this article was written during the time Hitler and his nazi party were taking over, it would be more convenient because there would be information from somebody who went through and experienced the rise of Hitler and his nazi party first hand. A positive value about this article is that whoever wrote it provided more information than needed. They talked about the actual rise of Adolf Hitler. The author talked about the day he was born, his service in World War 1 and how he later rose to be involved in World War 2. The Limitations of this article is that theres no author. The article didnt provide a date on when it was created, who created it, and where did the source come from. Also, another limitation is that the article wasnt written from first hand experience meaning that the author didnt get to experience first hand what was actually happening when Hitler and his nazi party rose to cause WW2. Causes of WW2 This article also doesnt provide any Origin. It doesnt say who created it, when was it created or where did the source come from. The Purpose of this article is to inform readers of the many causes of World War 2 and how Hitler and his nazi party were one of the main ones. This article contains how Hitler offered Germany hope thus becoming the leader and dictator of Germany. Adolf Hitler then allied Germany with Mussolini and Italy then he looked to restore Germany to power by increasing his domain by taking over Australia in 1938. The intended audience of this article would be anyone whos interested in the causes of WW2 because the article talks about many or all causes of WW2 in great detail thats not hard to understand. The Content of this article establishes how Adolf Hitler, Germany, and his Nazi party were in many of the causes to WW2. When Hitler took over Australia in 1938, the League of Nations did nothing to stop him therefore Hitler grew bolder and took over Czechoslovakia in 1939. This article also establishes appeasement. After WW1 the European nations didnt want another war while other countries such as Italy and Germany became hostile and started to take over many other countries and worked to build up their army, Britain and France hoped to keep peace through appeasement. Basically, they tried to make Hitler and Germany happy instead of trying to stop him. They hoped that he would be happy and that there wouldnt be a war but appeasement failed and it only made Hitler bolder. The Value of this article illustrates that this article wasnt written when any of the causes were taking place, if this article was written by someone who went through some of the causes, there would be more accurate information because it would be first hand by someone who actually went through it. A positive value is that the article has almost every single cause of WW2. Most of the causes have to deal with Hitler, Germany, and Hitlers nazi party. Which gives a better var iety of reasons as to why Hitler was one of the main causes for WW2. The Limitations of this article is also that it doesnt provide the reader with a author, a date on when it was created, or where the source came from. Also, it could have also been written or influenced by someone who went through the experiences first hand. Investigation To ask why Hitler and the Nazi party came in to power, one must first look back to the Great War or as we now know as the first world war. On June 28, 1914 Archduke Franz-Ferdinand was assassinated while visiting the Bosnian capital of Sarajevo. The first assassination attempt on his life had come hours earlier when the group of assassins missed Ferdinand s convoy but the explosive that went off injured many. When Ferdinand visited those injured in the hospital later that day, the motorcade took a wrong turn and Gavrilo Princip shot and killed Ferdinand. As Ferdinand was the heir to the Austrian-Hungarian Empire throne, there was a lot of violence following his murder. Most violence was Anti-Serb. In late June 1914, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. Germany then occupied Luxembourg ,declared war on France and Invaded a neutral Belgium. This outraged Britain which then declared war on the aggressive Germans on August 4th, 1914. This pitted 6 of the worlds powers against each oth er as the allied powers were spearheaded by the British Empire, Russia, and France while the Ottoman Empire, Austria-Hungary, and the German Empire were their counterparts. As the war raged in Europe, many people lost their lives ranging anywhere from those in the trenches to innocent civilians. Once all was said and done, more than nine million people lost their lives. Countries were given reparations for their part in the war. Germany was instructed to pay $33 billion dollars. This led to much outrage from the public. In order to pay off the reparation cost, Germany had to receive loans from other countries. This buried the country under more debt. People felt as if they needed a voice and the man to provide it was no other than Adolf Hitler. By 1930, Adolf Hitler was a politician who was trying to have a bigger role in Germany. Once the Great Depression was in full swing, Hitler took advantage of the appalling situation and used it as a political opportunity to gain political power. He ran for president in 1932 but lost to Paul Von Hindenburg. Hitler did gather a large amount of votes but not to the level as Hindenburg. Franz Von Papen, Alfred Hugenberg and several more wealthy businessmen signed off their support of Hitler through letters to the president. They wanted Hitler to be appointed chancellor. Hindenburg later, reluctantly appointed him as chancellor of Germany. Hitler worked to subdue any leftist movement and sought a nationalist and fascist government. Hitler withdrew from the League of Nations. Along with this, Hitlers actions would break several treaties signed at the end of World War 1. Hitler then executed a foreign policy act that prepared the country for war. By this time Germany had signed an axis wit h Italy and a pact with Japan. These 3 would form what we now call the Axis Powers during the second world war. Afterwards, he would unite Austria and Germany. Then on September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Western Poland to kick start the war. The second world war is a direct consequence of the first world war due to unsettled tensions and anger from that dispute. Adolf Hitler rose to power during World War 1. On June 28th, 1919 the Treaty of Versailles was signed at the end of World War 1 which ended the war between Germany and the allied powers. The Treaty of Versailles required Germany to admit all the guilt for the war and also required Germany to pay for the damage the war had cost to the allies. Germany had to accept the fact that they had to take full responsibility that they started World War 1. When Hitlers Nazi Party got into power, he believed that Germany shouldve won the first world war. He also believed that Germany gave in too easily, this caused his desire for revenge on the allied powers. World War 2 started September 1, 1937 and ended September 2, 1945. Hitler and his nazi party played a major role into beginning the war. In January 1933, Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany and began to challenge the Treaty of Versailles. Which he adapted an aggressive foreign policy that later led to the war. Germanys invasion of Poland also led to the outbreak of World War 2. Hitler believed the German race needed more room to live because of their growing population. Because Hitler believed the Germans as the superior race, Hitler claimed that they were eligible to take the land of Eastern Europe. The Treaty of Versailles prohibited rearmament. When Hitler came to power in 1933 he began rearming between 1932 and 1939 which increased his army. Hitlers move was to put his German troops back Western Germany which broke the Treaty of Versailles and might have provoked war with Britain and France. Hitler knew his army wasnt strong enough but he also knew Britain and France were preoccupied with another crucial issue. Mussolini had invaded Abyssinia and the British and French were busy trying to avoid war. On March 7, 1936 a weak German army marched into Western Germany (the Rhineland) to see if th e French and British would do anything but they didnt. In March 1939 Germany invaded the Czechoslovakia and took over the capital Prague. Britain saw this as an act of aggression and decided that Hitlers expansion had to stop. On September 1st 1939, Germany invaded Poland which began the war between Germany and Poland. Between 1933 and 1945 Nazi Germany began the persecution and obliteration of Jews in in Europe also known as the Holocaust. Germans saw Jews as a threat to their own. Nazi Germany murdered 6 million Jews and over 1 million homosexuals, jehovah witness, and anyone below the German race. This also sparked a war between Germany and Europe. In conclusion, to talk about the causes that Hitler and his Nazi Party did to lead up to World War 2 couldnt of have been brought up or talked about without bringing up World War 1 and Hitlers taste for revenge. Out of anger caused by the allied powers, he retaliated causing the second World War. This investigation talks about in detail, Hitler and Hitlers Nazi Partys involvement and cause of World War This investigation has allowed me to learn some of the methods used by historians, as well as the challenges they face. A historians job is to study and interpret the past. They use tools that could be primary or secondary. Historians use evidence from primary and secondary sources to answer their questions and they have to choose which information is more trustworthy and important as evidence.The methods used by historians that I used in my investigation was using primary and secondary sources to find out which information was important and trustworthy. I had to find information that went specifically with my investigation so I could persuade and inform the reader and also stick to my topic. A challenge that historians face are the sources. Historians have to determine the credibility of sources and the information they give. Historians also deal with the problem of finding enough information in a source to use for their investigation. The challenges for a historian differs from a scientist or a mathematician because if a scientist or a mathematician messes up somewhere along the problem, that simple mistake could destroy the whole problem itself. So a challenge scientist and mathematicians have to face a lot is doubt while historians face determining whether or not the source is reliable so they wont put out false information. My investigation highlighted out many limitations to these methods. A limitation to one of these methods is the difficulty in being unbiased when providing information in choosing different historical events and in determining their importance. History itself is 100% accurate, the historical source has a limitation on its ability to convey accurate knowledge and an understanding of history. A historical source only provides a very small portion of what actually occurred in history so my knowledge and understanding of history would be limited. Another limitation is the bias of the historian. If a historian isnt bias when writing about a subject, he is still prone to accidental errors and it doesnt mean that his sources were wrote unbiased. This is a limitation my investigation highlighted out of me because even though I mightve rose above my biases while writing about my investigation, that doesnt mean the sources I chose were unbiased. Also, if my sources happened to be unbiased, the y could still be open to accidental errors.