Charles Darwin Theory Analysis of Chapter 4 - 1293 Words

While reading up to chapter 6, the reader can formulate that most of Darwin’s hypothesis is being derived from the idea of variation. He goes into debating that the abundance of traits and adaptations are the prime factors that often separates a type of species from each other. He then gives justification on how exactly species changed as time progressed. We later learn from Darwin that often the differences in organisms become visible more within domesticated groups and also species that are present all throughout the physical world. Difference in colours, formations, and organs along with bodily traits all distinguish an abundance of unique species from the other. Genetics are the device that enables the formation of variations,†¦show more content†¦Heron has described how one pied peacock was eminently attractive to all his hen birds.† In Darwin’s theory of natural selection, it was often discovered that when it came to natural selection, he only used examples consisting of healthy factors. He wanted his findings to be as accurate as possible which resulted in using superior organisms. In Chapter 4, Darwin carefully breaks down the means of natural selection. There he best describes it as when nature can have such an effect on organisms, that it becomes quite comparable in the results in changes, almost like animal breeders. We can observe that many of Darwin’s arguments on the theory of natural selection is based on organisms being able to create an abundance of offspring than usual. This takes place in order to substitute parent organisms. Also, sources that are needed in order to help sustain life are unfortunately scarce. This results in an increase in competition and promotes a difficulty for survival. Darwin often talks about how certain distinctive organisms develop atypical traits, which leads to the impact on both their subsistence and how much they are able to breed. He states that it is the organisms who posses superlative traits , are the ones that leave the most offspring. Over time these qualities are able to come to predominate and which may result in the development in new species, also known as evolution. Difference in colours, formations, and organs along withShow MoreRelatedThe Critique Of Karl Marx Essay1549 Words   |  7 PagesIn â€Å"Marx: Anthropologist,† Thomas C. Patterson provides archival research and contemporary analysis to defend the assertion that Karl Marx was one of the first urban anthropologists and a progenitor of emic ethnography in western culture. Patterson also aims to correct prior misinterpretations of Marx’s work in a polemic manner, addressing deficiencies in early analyses through careful argumentation and relevant evidence to contrary inferences. Patterson’s stated purpose is to answer the questionRead MoreThe Five Boons Of Life By Mark Twain1388 Words   |  6 Pagesfame and riches he finds himself in the same condition of depre ssion and deep longing. When he asks for the gift of death he is told it was given away to a child and the only thing left for him is the cruelty of old age. As I read through the first chapter, I immediately thought that love would be the gift of value. However, I quickly found out that this was a story of life without hope, life that believes there is nothing worth living for. The story feels depressing and it makes me want to take theRead MoreThe Big Bang Theory, The Theory of Evolution, and the Bible Essay2843 Words   |  12 Pages This essay provides background and analysis into the subject of science versus religion and analyzes how significant discoveries (namely the Big Bang Theory and the Theory of Evolution) have swayed generations of people into attempting to understand the science behind the universe’s, as well as our own, origin. It is not an explanation as to why one side is correct over the other, but simply an explanation of the trending upward of the demogr aphic of those who prefer to believe scientific hypothesesRead MoreEvolution Theory and Christian Faith1936 Words   |  8 Pagesevolution teory and christian faith 1 . HISTORY OF THE EMERGENCE OF THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION The roots of evolutionist thinking appears contemporary with dogmatic belief that try hard to deny creation . 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Furthermore, I found out that this chapter lacked some useful information which should have been discussed e.g. it did not emphasis much about leadership styles and strategiesRead More Evolution: Science and Religion Essay2032 Words   |  9 Pages Evolution: Science and Religion In 1895 Charles Darwin published a book describing his theory of evolution, and his theory of the natural selection process. This theory caused much uproar in the religious community because Darwin’s theory went against the story of creation portrayed in the Holy Bible. His theory claimed that all life currently in place had evolved and adapted from a single organism in the beginning. 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The book does, however, contain a number of factual errors and inaccuracies.[3] An illustrated edition of the book was released in November 2005.[4] A few editions in Audiobook form are also available, including an abridged version read by the author, and at least three unabridged versions. [edit] Awards and reviews The book received generally favourable reviews, with reviewers citing the bookRead MoreChange in Human Development and the Minds Birth of Creativity1999 Words   |  8 PagesCHAPTER 1: Introduction to the theme: change in human development and the minds birth of creativity. *Searching life on other planets *Technologies advancing Chapter 2.: Early tools of technology that shape mankind *human weather adaptations *Curing diseased for future generations *Space travel and human repopulation * human migration from earth Chapter 3 In this chapter we talk about planets and the galactic scale. 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Health Benefits Of Regular Exercise - 1266 Words

In recent years society has become increasingly aware of the need for physical fitness to gain a better health outlook and improved physique. Almost with every facing direction, whether it is on television, social media, magazines, or by the office water cooler advice on improving health can be given without solicitation. Most of the advice is advocating using a fitness monitor that encourages an active lifestyle that merits serious attention. Tasks consists of moderate to vigorous ambulatory activities, such as walking, biking, or running. Cardio and Strength training, along with dietary balance are incorporated to achieve the optimal fitness goal. All Fitness gadgets use one major premise which is that regular exercise increases stamina, releases stress, prevents or controls certain chronic diseases and improves overall appearance. There are many health benefits to regular exercise. The physical aspect of exercise can help prevent excess weight gain and help the shedding of existin g weight. Engaging in physical activity burns calories. The intensity level of the activity determine how many calories are burned and that is closely related to the consumption of food. The more that is burned should be more than the amount of calories ingested. This will cause a deficit of calories and the body will begin to burn fat. An intense exercise regimen is not always needed to reach that calorie deficit. Simply by becoming more active throughout the day revs up the metabolism andShow MoreRelatedHealthy Aging917 Words   |  4 PagesAs people grow older, leading an active lifestyle is more important than ever. Regular exercise helps seniors maintain health, boost energy, and improve confidence. The good news is, no matter your age, your health, or your fitness level, you can benefit from moving more. 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Per the course PowerPoint (cite with year 2013), exercise is the â€Å"planned, structured and repetitive body movement accomplished to maintain or improve one or more components of physical fitness.† The fitness levels determineRead MoreChildren s Participation During Early Childhood Exercise Programs1679 Words   |  7 Pageschildhood exercise programs plays an important part in the development of the human body, both physically and mentally. Regular physical exercise in youth’s plays an important part of their childhood as it has many beneficial health outcomes associated with growth and development connected with adulthood. These health outcomes include increasing production of bone mineral content (BMC), and the decre ase of depression, obesity and cardiovascular disease risks. Early life exposures to exercise influence

Internal and Outsourced Information Technology-Free-Samples

Question: Discuss about the Advantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing Business Functions. Answer: Introduction Outsourcing is an allocation of particular business process to a specialist external service provider. Many a times, the organizations are failed to handle all aspects of a business process internally. Moreover, some techniques are temporary and the organization does not intend to hire in-house professional to implement the tasks. When the task is outsourced to the service provider, the service provider will take the responsibility of performing the tasks as well as maintaining organizations assets. The existing studies indicate that outsourcing is a known practice among both private and public organizations and it is treated as the major aspect of business strategy. As put forward by Tayauova (2012), the process of the outsourcing can be looked upon as the strategic move among the business. The authors claim that this technique could attempt and decrease the total cost of maintaining or maximizing the productivity. The studies indicate that outsourcing could allow the organization to focus on the fundamental activities of the business. For last two decades, the researchers have supported this phenomenon as one of the significant ways for minimizing the cost; nonetheless, the total impact of this practice remains explained conundrum. In order to conduct the literature review, some specific journals on outsourcing have been selected. However, this selection has been done based on the theme found in the literature. As put forward by Liu and Wang (2014), the outsourcing usually known as offshoring carries some advantages and disadvantages but in most of the cases, the benefit overshadow the drawbacks of outsourcing. The existing studies have discussed about the following advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing. Swiftness and Expertise-In many cases, the business activities are outsourced to vendors who are specialized in their field. The outsourced vendors also have some particular equipments as well as technical expertise, which are better than those at the outsourcing organization are. Hence, the business activities are effectively completed with a better quality in short time. Focus on the core instead of the supporting ones- Outsourcing the supporting processes provides the organization with more time to strengthen their fundamental business process. This means the organization could outsource its supporting services, and put special attention to fundamental aspects of the business. Risk-Sharing- As put forward by Dolgui and Proth (2013) one of the significant factors determining the consequence of an organization is risk-analysis. This means outsourcing certain aspects of the business process helps the organization to shift some particular responsibilities to outsourced vendors. Hence, the outsourced vendor is a specialist, they could develop the plan of risk mitigating the factors more effectively. Minimized operational and recruitment costs- It is observed that outsourcing elude the need to hire individuals in-house, here recruitment and operational costs can be reduced to a large extent (Jensen 2012). This is one of the significant advantages of offshore outsource. Disadvantages of outsourcing- The studies claim that the major disadvantages of outsourcing are the managerial control over the outsourced operations, threat to security, confidentiality, hidden cost, quality issue as well as reallocation of the existing team. In this context, Sass and Fifekova (2011) commented that the major disadvantage is related to the loss of control over the outsourced operation stems from the reason that manage the external source needed for particular skills. On the other side, Nassimbeni, Sartor and Dus (2012) commented that almost every outsourcing contract has the terms of security as well as the confidentiality; however, the implementation and the audit always remain difficult. Particularly, in financial services, the requirements keep information known to investment bankers away from the traders, brokers and other individuals who try to use such insider information. The studies have discussed that outsourcing organization will be motivated by profits. As the contracts will fix the pr ice, a significant way for business organization to increase profit is to decrease the cost. Hence, Liu and Wang (2014) mentioned that even though the outsourcing organizations gain the benefits from such business practices, the organizations always cannot the expected result; this is because of the communication gap is the major factor. Likewise, Al-Mutairi and Al-Hammad (2015) commented that one significant reason to outsource can be treated as the expectation of receiving better services from the outsourcer than from internal organizational staff. The studies claim that outsource has to be selected in a specific manner to ensure that there is no negative influence on quality of products and services manufactured, else the organization could lose its position on the market. Apart from all these drawbacks, studies have emphasized on the fact the organizations could sign a contract with the outsourcing organization that could cover the details of the service that will be providing. Hence, anything not covered in the contract will be the fundamental for the organization to pay additional charges. For instance, it is observed that an analyst could purposely exclude costs to favor one decision such as selecting one provider versus another, selecting in sourcing over outsourcing. While digging into the fact that the outs ourcing is often related to firing employees mind and it is a significant issue for the organizations top management team to decide about the relocation of existing employees. Theories related to outsourcing As put forward by Narayanan et al. (2011), outsourcing consists of different activities as many frameworks that are implanted in different theoretical approaches could describe well as each phenomenon. Many studies on outsourcing have usually been affected by three different approaches namely resource-based view, core competency approach as well as transaction cost theory. It is studied that resource-based view in outsourcing develops from a propositions that an organization that lacks significant organized resource and capabilities could seek for a provider from the external environment to overcome the weakness. As put forward by iek, and Ozer (2011), the most significant use of resource-based theory in outsourcing technique remains as the perception stage for defining the decision making framework. Hence, Kang et al. (2012) mentioned that organizations should plug gaps in resource and capabilities in most cost-effective way to maintain a distinctive product as well as its competitive edge. The existing studies have claimed that a core competence can be considered as a cluster of attributes that an organization possesses that in turn enables it to gain competitive edge. However, if the organization is to focus on its core competence as the fundamental basis of its sustainable competitive advantages, the activities that do not constitute a core competence for the organization can be given to outside companies who can provide these at much lower cost. On the other side, the transaction cost theory has been established to facilitate an analysis of the comparative cost of planning and monitoring the task completion with the help of alternative governance structure (Plugge, Bouwman and Molina-Castillo 2013). The unit of analysis in transaction cost theory is considered as transaction, which occurs when a service is transferred across an isolated interface. However, the decision maker should weigh up the production as well as the transmission costs included with the execution of the transaction within their organizations. Scope of the Literature In the literature review, the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing functions have been covered. In addition, to understand other facts related to outsourcing business process, outsourcing business theories have been covered in the literature review. The areas that have been covered in the literature are comprehensive, as each piece of information has been provided with the evidences. It is comprehensive because the evaluation of the papers has been done keeping the major focus of the study in mind, which is the evaluation of benefits and drawbacks of outsourcing. In order to conduct the review of literature, 10 journals related to advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing. However, the selection of journals are limited to more recent materials; this means in order to increase the relevancy of the discussion, only recent studies have been considered. In addition, the review of literature does not focus on the methodological approach or any quantitative approach. Nonetheless, the search for literature related to discipline has been broadened. Literature Review Objectives The objectives of the literature revolved around examination of benefits and drawbacks of outsourcing business functions. Thus, considering the purpose of the study, the following objectives have been formed. To establish an understanding about outsourcing business process To critically evaluate advantages and disadvantages of business outsourcing To analyze the potential impact of outsourcing on business Different theme development Many studies have been performed on the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing business functions and each of the study consists of different themes; however, the major focus of the studies remains same. For example, the study conducted by Kang et al. (2012), includes the theories of outsourcing and how they can be applied to business context. On the other side, the study conducted by iek, and Ozer (2011), focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of business outsourcing. Likewise, the research conducted by Al-Mutairi and Al-Hammad (2015), revolves around the issues of business outsourcing. However, all studies selected for the literature included the themes that are relevant to or related to the recent contexts. If outsourcing business can be implemented effectively to the real-context, the business will be more profitable. This is compared to the businesses that use internal strengths to conduct the supporting activities Quality and currency of the literature The quality and currency of literature sources utilized in the perception of review is ascertained to be high of high quality and recent as possible. Quality of the paper selected for the literature The sources selected for the literature review carries the highest standard and the authors with years of experience write the papers not only in business but also in business writing. Most of the articles referred to the review are well-known international business journals. The authors have conducted several journals in the same context hence to known to produce desired quality. For example, iek and Ozer) stayed the supervisor for global MBA students at Manchester Business School and Al-Mutairi and Al-Hammad stayed as the lecturer in an African University also. Such exposure enables the production of very high quality work. Currency of the selected journals The secondary information for conducting the literature review is recent, with articles and publication is not later than 2011. Therefore, this criteria ensures the kind of information used in the study is up to date and relevant to the research context. However, the paper by Narayanan et al. (2011) is the oldest of all that have been used in the analysis with the context being discussed from it is not being dynamic in the recent business trends. Literature review source validity and reliability The sources used for the implementation of the literature review are certainly reliable as exemplified by the sort of quality authors whose have been cited. The discussion on the recent themes makes the papers valid and they can be relied upon because of the fact that some papers used in the present study have also been cited in other literature review in the field of outsourcing business activities. Research Gap and Contribution Based on the literature developed in the study, it can be mentioned that existing papers lacks the discussion on the interaction between outsourcing and its impact on the business in the recent time. The existing literature review have emphasized on the benefits, drawbacks and theories of outsourcing but the studies did not focus on how those benefits and drawbacks are affecting the organizations. Most of the articles cited in the literature review lead towards the process about how the advantages can be gained outsourcing. The contribution found in the literature was the article conducted by Al-Mutairi and Al-Hammad (2015) on the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be mentioned that the advantages and disadvantages outsourcing in business have the explored the depth in the literature review. The advantages of outsourcing revolve around the time saved for focusing the core activities of the business. This means the outsourcing organization can develop their fundamental business by outsourcing the supporting activities; this helps them to save additional cost and time. References Al-Mutairi, A.O. and Al-Hammad, A., 2015. Advantages and Disadvantages of Maintenance Outsourcing in Manufacturing Companies: With Special References to Jubail Industrial CityKSA.European Journal of Business and Management,7(20). iek, I. and Ozer, B., 2011. The effect of outsourcing human resource on organizational performance: the role of organizational culture.International journal of business and management studies,3(2), pp.131-144. Dolgui, A. and Proth, J.M., 2013. Outsourcing: definitions and analysis.International Journal of Production Research,51(23-24), pp.6769-6777. Jensen, P.D.., 2012. A passage to India: A dual case study of activities, processes and resources in offshore outsourcing of advanced services.Journal of World Business,47(2), pp.311-326. Kang, M., Wu, X., Hong, P. and Park, Y., 2012. Aligning organizational control practices with competitive outsourcing performance.Journal of Business Research,65(8), pp.1195-1201. Liu, S. and Wang, L., 2014. Understanding the impact of risks on performance in internal and outsourced information technology projects: The role of strategic importance.International Journal of Project Management,32(8), pp.1494-1510. Liu, S. and Wang, L., 2014. Understanding the impact of risks on performance in internal and outsourced information technology projects: The role of strategic importance.International Journal of Project Management,32(8), pp.1494-1510. Narayanan, S., Jayaraman, V., Luo, Y. and Swaminathan, J.M., 2011. The antecedents of process integration in business process outsourcing and its effect on firm performance.Journal of Operations Management,29(1), pp.3-16. Nassimbeni, G., Sartor, M. and Dus, D., 2012. Security risks in service offshoring and outsourcing.Industrial Management Data Systems,112(3), pp.405-440. Plugge, A., Bouwman, H. and Molina-Castillo, F.J., 2013. Outsourcing capabilities, organizational structure and performance quality monitoring: Toward a fit model.Information Management,50(6), pp.275-284. Sass, M. and Fifekova, M., 2011. Offshoring and outsourcing business services to Central and Eastern Europe: Some empirical and conceptual considerations.European Planning Studies,19(9), pp.1593-1609. Tayauova, G., 2012. Advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing: analysis of outsourcing practices of Kazakhstan banks.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,41, pp.188-195.

Regiocentric Approach to International Human Resource free essay sample

The purpose of this report is to explore the regiocentric approach to International Human Resource Management and discuss the impact the use of this approach would have in the case of expanding to a new location. The Expatriate Management Cycle is covered to identify any considerations that may have to be made during the process. The report evaluates the use of a regiocentric method for an international start-up situation. This report was written to inform the Managing Director of DBS Engineering Ltd of any issues that may occur during the expansion and to assess their current choice of using a regiocentric approach to business. This evaluation was carried out by researching secondary resources on management approached to IHRM and the Expatriate Management Cycle. Significant findings were then compared drawing out any benefits or disadvantages of regiocentric practice and identifying any issues that may have to be faced during the process. It was found that the regiocentric approach choses to group countries by similarities such a geographic area: North America, Latin America, Europe, North Africa etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Regiocentric Approach to International Human Resource or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This approach combines the benefit of grouping operations to improve efficiencies and also allows for some extent of multi-cultural management; however it does not accept the idea of moving people out with their specific regions. This can limit learning and experience to some extent. It was found that overall the regiocentric approach is very viable in this situation with many benefits. There is however potential for sending a Parent-Country National to a new start-up no matter the region, to ensure the organisation maximises efficiency. Table of Contents Introduction4 The Regiocentric Approach4 Expatriate Management Cycle6 Strategic Planning6 Selection7 Preparation8 Performance Management9 Repatriation10 Conclusion11 References13 Introduction The author of this report is the HR Manager in DBS Engineering Ltd, a multinational organisation which has plans to expand further afield. The intention of the author is to examine the regiocentric approach to globalisation, which the company has already adopted and to analyse how this approach is likely to affect the management of expatriates in a start-up situation. Benefits and disadvantages of applying the regiocentric approach in a start-up environment will be discussed, looking in to each stage of the expat management cycle. Considerations that must be made during this process will be identified with significant recommendations provided. Conclusions will then be drawn of the overall effectiveness of the regiocentric approach in this circumstance. This analysis will be carried out by researching secondary information such as scholar articles, newspapers and textbooks. The Regiocentric Approach The regiocentric approach can be described as â€Å"using managers from various countries within the geographic regions of business. Although the managers operate relatively independently in the region, they are not normally moved to the company’s headquarters† (Dlabay, Scott, 2008, p278). Geographical regions are areas which can be grouped by similarities whether cultural or geographical. An example of this is â€Å"A U. S. company that focuses on the countries included in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) the United States, Canada and Mexico† (Keegan and Green, 1997, p12). Similarly, if a US parented, Regiocentric Company has an Italian subsidiary; it is likely native Europeans would be recruited to manage it. (Dlabay, Scott, 2008, p278). This approach can be used as an alternative to the commonly accepted ethnocentric or polycentric approaches. According to Sparrow, Brewster and Larris, (2004, p164) â€Å"under an ethnocentric HRM perspective, subsidiaries will be staffed with expatriates in key management positions. Ethnocentric organisations will integrate their ways into foreign subsidiaries by sending out parent-country nationals. A polycentric orientated Organisation would take the opposite approach in which, â€Å"the MNC treats each subsidiary as a distinct national entity with some decision making autonomy. Subsidiaries are usually managed by local nationals (HCNs). Sparrow, Brewster and Larris, 2004, p164). The Regiocentric approach combines both these methods by obtaining the efficiency benefits of a standardised, polycentric approach whilst recognising the need for adapting to the differences in business culture globally, allowing for subsidiaries to react to their specific environments. â€Å"A single European strategy, for example, recognizes the similarities in European markets and operations, and seeks to gain efficiency by treating the company’s European subsidiaries as single strategic unit. At the same time, a different strategy may be enacted by the same MNC in Asia. †Ã‚  (Stahl, Grigsby, 1997, p71). This example is particularly relevant currently as the BBC had quoted in September 2011 that â€Å"The European Commission has predicted that economic growth in the Eurozone will come to a virtual standstill in the second half of 2011. † Whereas the Asian Development Bank claims â€Å"it now expects 14 countries, including China, South Korea and Indonesia, to grow by 7. 2% on average in 2012. † (BBC, 2011). Therefore with economic growth continuing in Asian subsidiaries may be looking to expand or recruit as opposed to their European counterparts who are likely to be downsizing to survive the recession. Expatriate Management Cycle The expatriate management cycle portrays the iterative process of planning an international assignment. This involves; selecting the right candidate(s) for the job, preparing the chosen expatriates and if necessary their families, managing the performance of expats whilst they are on assignment and finally preparing them to return to their home country once the assignment is complete. The stages of the management cycle can differ depending on many variables, such as; the length and nature of assignment, the expatriates’ experience of the culture and language, the host-countries cultural expectations. Strategic Planning Planning is essential before any international assignment to increase the likelihood of success. â€Å"HR planning is the process of assessing demand for labour against the potential supply. It is an important tool in putting the business strategy into practice, and in informing organisational capability. † (CIPD, 2011). This is specifically important in a start-up situation as the organisation has to consider the size of their expansion and how many employees in total will needed. Before this however, DBS engineering limited must consider where it plans to expand to as the location can have a great implication on the expatriate management process. If the organisation is planning to move into another country but in the same region, for example a UK based company moving into France with a regiocentric approach, they can choose to recruit employees from all over Europe including sending Parent Country Nationals (PCN’s) from the UK headquarters. Sending a PCN to a European subsidiary would have many benefits during start-up in fact Harris, Brewster and Sparrow (2004, p146) say it is â€Å"Appropriate for entry into international business†. Training local employees on the business operation, quality standards, strategy and any necessary technological skills is essential during start up and a PCN has the best experience to do this. Dlabay and Scott (2008, p276) suggest sending a PCN â€Å"is useful when prior experience is important (†¦) the goal is to prepare host country employees to manage the business†. However, sending a PCN can often dishearten local employees as it can be seen as discriminatory or ignoring a talent-pool. If the UK based company planned to expand into Dubai, with a regiocentric approach it would be unusual to send an expatriate from entities in the European area, they would instead recruit within the Arab region. Whilst this means the new entities are not receiving knowledge from a manager with personal DBS Engineering experience, there are other benefits. By resourcing employees from the Arab region (North Africa and Western Asia), cultural and language barriers would become less of an issue as most Arabic citizens speak classical Arabic as well as their countries own dialect. (UCL, 2011). Also the majority of the Arab population share the Islamic religion and therefore share beliefs. This is likely to help save costs as training and development does not need the same level of intensity, also with a lower risk of culture shock an expatriate is less likely to leave the assignment, reducing chances of project failure. On this basis the organisation must consider whether to recruit Host Country Nationals (HCNs) or Third Country Nationals (TCNs). In a start-up situation it could be recommended that the best person from the widest viable pool should be selected based on industry experience. Selection Once the purpose of the international assignments has been established in this case the need for skills and transferring business practice to local employees the ideal candidate(s) can be identified. â€Å"The selection decision for international assignees is critically important. Errors in selection can have major negative impact on the success of overseas operations†. (Briscoe, Schuler Claus 2009, p137). As with all selection processes it is important to identify candidates with the right qualifications, skill levels and experience; however the international aspect increases the importance of the individual’s personal characteristics. Briscoe, Schuler Claus (2009) suggest 4 areas should be taken into consideration: * Candidate maturity; life experience is invaluable. * Able to handle/speak foreign Language * a positive outlook on assignment. Appropriate personal characteristics, e. g. adaptability to new environments. In this stage the selection method must be chosen. As there is no existing subsidiary where the expatriates are going and the recruitment area is wide the organisation may wish to use online applications to cheaply reach a wide audience. Once a smaller pool of applicants is formed, interviews can be carried out via phone or inter net conferencing, however, it is important to be aware of cultural differences in interview situations (CIPD, 2011). The use of psychological testing may want to be avoided as there use â€Å"does attract some controversy. This is particularly true in international settings† (CIPD, 2011). Preparation Preparation for an international assignment is of utmost importance to reduce the risk of failure. This includes Pre-departure training, practical considerations and cross-cultural adjustment. The Spouse of expatriates may also have to go through training. Expatriates must be trained in issues such as the host-country’s background: e. g. history, politics and economics; cultural differences including language training; and any relevant laws or behaviour expectations. For example, Saudi Arabia has strict regulations on women being fully covered (Doumato, 2008); this is true even in comparison to some other Islamic nations such as Tunisia where women are expected to dress modestly but are allowed to reveal skin. These issues may deter women from wanting to work in such countries from fear of discrimination. The importance of this training becomes increased in a start-up situation as there are no current local employees to form a buddy system, in which expatriates could speak to a local associate about any integration problems they are experiencing. Practical implications must be thoroughly planned during this stage. This involves organising housing and visa’s. If family are moving with the expatriate this could mean arranging schooling and helping spouses find work. Rewards must also be arranged. The expatriates could be coming from many different countries and their reward packages must all reflect what they were earning before to ensure the assignment is attractive. It also must be suitable to the where they are moving, to ensure they can afford the cost of living. The headquarters must also decide on how communication is going to be held between expats and their office. Performance Management As the international assignment is for a start-up subsidiary, the performance of expatriates will likely be monitored by the home-country managers. Performance management can be complicated in an international setting â€Å"For instance, notions of what constitutes adequate quality control checks can vary widely from one country to another, import tariffs can distort pricing chedules, or a dock strike in one country can unexpectedly delay supply of necessary components to a manufacturing plant in another country (Dowling, Welch Engle, 2008,p270). The success of the international assignment can be measured by comparing the result of the assignment to the original objectives of the parent company and that of the expatriates. For a start-up situation the project is likely to have been a success if the business is up and running efficiently with the local e mployees fully trained and aware of how the business is run. Also healthy relationships with local buyers/suppliers should have been built. Expatriates should feel they have gained experience, improved their skills and furthered their career opportunities. Repatriation â€Å"Repatriation involves the move of the international assignee and family back â€Å"home† from the foreign assignment. For many expatriates and their families, the move â€Å"back home† is even more difficult than the original move abroad. Even so, it is often overlooked or minimized in the management of the total expatriation process†. (Briscoe, Schuler Claus 2009, p188). In this situation the expatriates have witnessed the subsidiary develop from the start and may have become very attached to it, this means they may not want to leave. It has been found â€Å"the process of repatriation is not a satisfactory experience for most managers, who on their return often experience culture shock, lost career opportunities and even unemployment. † (Edwards Rees, 2006, p174). Also for expatriates who may be returning to the same organisation in their home country there may not be a position present for their new level of experience and they are likely to have lost relationship connections. These issues often lead to expatriates leaving the organisation on return, after the organisation has invested in sending them abroad to improve their skills at the increased expatriate rate of reward. â€Å"It is widely accepted that the cost of expatriate turnover are considerable, very few firms have formal repatriation programmes to assist those involved† (Brewster, Sparrow Vernon, p10). This suggests the risk of losing employees could be improved by creating a good repatriation process, making sure the employee is welcomed back to their home subsidiary with an appropriate management position. Conclusion The regiocentric approach is an interesting mix of both ethnocentric and polycentric approaches. The organisation can benefit from reduced costs of training as the culture shock for expatriates should be less extreme. It allows for the great benefit of HCNs working on the project to bring local market knowledge into the subsidiary but also with the advantage of having TCN’s who can bring different experiences into decision making and ideas for a fresh outlook. However if a new subsidiary is opening in different region from the parent company the regiocentric approach would not allow for a PCN to go and help orientate the new employees on how the currently successful business carries out processes. Whilst this allows for local people to achieve higher management positions it could result in the new subsidiaries lacking efficiency. It could be recommended that a PCN is sent out for the first year of start-up to train employees and a find a replacement for themselves. It is important for the HR department at Headquarters to take all the expatriate management cycle steps seriously, investigating options to make clear decisions, to increase the chance of success.

Veja Sneakers with a Conscience Essay Example

Veja Sneakers with a Conscience Essay Example Veja Sneakers with a Conscience Paper Veja Sneakers with a Conscience Paper I. Background Morillion and Kopp founded Veja, an eco-sneaker company to serve the ethical fashion industry. This case focuses on the development of sustainable business practices in organic cotton, natural rubber and leather. Veja shows that they can create a product that is both appealing and conscientious. The company grew rapidly due to praise from the media and word of mouth. What leads to their success is the fact that they can integrate sustainable practices into a holistic and ever improving offering, which engages multiple supply chain participants (employees, consumers, suppliers, partners, even artists) in co-devising a value proposition that appeals not just to our sense of fashion, but also to our conscience. II. Challenges and Opportunities Veja encountered challenges due to their small-scale operation at first and the inherent fierce competition from big players in the market. Customers expect ethical products in the first place, so having eco-shoes in Veja’s production line may raise unnecessary costs. Since Veja does not spend on advertising, they may not be able to get the message to the customers that their stores are different from everyone else. In addition, supply for organic materials such as cotton and rubber are limited, which may hinder Veja’s future growth and interrupt their supply chain should adverse weather affect their sources. However, being the few players in the ethical fashion industry, Veja enjoy their first-mover advantage of selecting the finest suppliers. Also, Veja entered the market at the right time because this niche market is growing at a fast rate. Customers are also embracing the green lifestyle and being more aware of ethical fashion. In addition, the corporate culture at Veja allows the employees to be happy, which in turn contribute to the success of the company. III. Veja’s business model vs. conventional model Veja’s business model resembles that of a small business with an entrepreneurial spirit. Since the company started very small, Veja founders were able to control every aspect of their business. The founders knew very little about the fashion industry, aside from the fact that both of them are sneaker addicts. The difference in Veja’s model is that the company learns by doing and making mistakes and willing to take some risks. Veja’s distribution is also different. Instead of having their own store or section for display, the company decided to place their products next to non-ethical brands. This may lead to consumers thinking that their products are just the same as the other name brands. However, this model works for them because Veja’s products are appealing to the mass and the fact that the products were placed in trendy avenues increased their appeals. Veja’s corporate culture is also different from that of conventional model. The company treats the employees well, allowing them lots of freedom and flexibility, paying higher wages than most fashion companies. Veja also encourage work-life balance which show they care for the employees’ happiness. As a result, Veja was able to keep a lot of the original talents. The founders created a supply chain that was based on sustainable relationships. Whereas the fashion industry was accustomed to contracting new parties as soon as a factory could deliver on time or cut costs, Veja tried to improve living conditions and to work cooperatively with supply chain to jointly develop the best product they could imagine. Veja bought raw materials directly from producers. The company paid a fixed price, which, though higher than the market price, was calculated by the farmers. This allowed the farmers to have a higher standard of living. Veja also works solely with cotton and rubber families to produce organic materials. Doing so not only help preserve the Amazon rainforest, but also employ the families in the poverty-stricken area of northern Brazil. Also, Veja continues to research ways to make leather sustainable and works in collaboration with specialist in the field to ensure a sustainable product. This type process improvement mentality is rarely seen in the fashion industry. In contrast to conventional business model, Veja employs two distinct strategies: zero ads and zero stock. Since most of the cost of producing a sneaker was dedicated to marketing, Veja was able to save on cost by having a no advertising policy. Veja benefitted widely from media coverage, blogs, and word of mouth due to their eco-friendly products and ethical business line. Also, most outlets had fewer Veja sneakers than they could sell. Veja did not produce extra, only according to orders placed six months in advance. Doing so ramped up Veja’s popularity because their products are now becoming scarce. Veja’s main business goal was not to make money only by having large volumes, but they want profitability with a conscience.

Net Promoter Score for Books Build Relationships with Your Readers

Net Promoter Score for Books Build Relationships with Your Readers How To Create Deeper Relationships with Your Readers through Surveys Last updated 2017/07/07At Reedsy, we feel it’s important to let authors know about different startups and tech tools that could make their life easier. Today, we’re happy to welcome a guest post by Chad Keck, founder of Promoter.io, a Net Promoter Score startup that you can use to build your author platform and find your  Ã¢â‚¬Å"insider group†.Do you have an author mailing list? If yes, congratulations, you are among the elite group of authors who understand that the relationships you build with your readers are what’s going to drive most sales in the long run.But let me guess: do you send out emails every week or every month updating your readers on your progress and wonder what they are really thinking? You rarely hear back from them unless you are asking for feedback on a book cover or title, right?Figuring out out ways to engage with your readers is no easy thing, especially if you’re trying to create meaningful, lasting relationships that will guide your writing efforts.If you are like most authors, you might be afraid of asking your readers to take a survey because you have an inner belief that it will drive your readers away. But like most things in life, the best things come to people who won’t let their fears hold them back.So what do you do if you want to try sending a survey, but you have never tried them before?Find out your book's Net Promoter ScoreOf all survey methods, the Net Promoter Score is one of the least assuming and best to start out with. In a book called The Ultimate Question, Fred Reichheld came up with this interesting survey technique which addresses some of the biggest problems of sending surveys.The technique is called Net Promoter Score (NPS), and revolves around one key concept: bringing your surveys down to a single key question: How likely from 0-10 are you to recommend my book to a friend or colleague?Here is exactly what it might look like as an email your readers would receive that an non-fiction author recently sent through Promoter.io:Building a great author platform comes down to one thing: creating the most value possible for your readers. Whenever you want higher engagement with your audience, just keep asking yourself the same thing: â€Å"What’s in it for them?† If you keep raising the stakes and providing true value over and over again, everything else will take care of itself.Have any questions for Chad? Leave them in the comments below!

Dario Argento Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dario Argento - Essay Example In Titanic, in the depiction of the ship sinking, the imagery that resulted from the decor was so real, it’s like Cameron actually rebuilt the whole ship again and destroyed it, especially when the ship tilted and broke into two, and the diming of the lights in the whole ship. In Avatar lighting, the way the imagery in the battle was perceived was due to great combination of intensity, direction, and very high lighting quality. Since light affects the way colors are rendered, this was used to focus attention predominantly on particular aspects, for example, the eyes of both Jake and Quaritch. This captured fully the flaring emotional moment. In Titanic, lighting was used to show the clarity of the disaster and details of the ship wrecking, especially when almost half of the ship was submerged, while the other half was still above the water but slowly being engulfed. In Avatar, space, depth, proximity, size and proportions of both Jake and Quaritch were well manipulated in 3D. The acrobatics in the battle were enhanced primarily by this careful manipulation. It effectively determined the mood between them. Titanic’s shear size was also captured well in 3D, displaying magnificent details, especially when the ship slanted. ... Titanic’s depiction in aspects of costume in the scene was mainly in the falling off of passengers of different class as per their clothes, who were desperately clinging to the railings as the ship capsized (Passarella 10). In relation to implicit and explicit meaning in Avatar, viewers easily notice a very thinly veiled case scenario on the Iraq war, the US policy regarding terrorism, the inhumane actions based purely on greed in corporations, and environmental concern. There seem to be a reflection of the Israeli/Palestine conflict, as Jake depicts inferior fights, while Colonel Quaritch is seen using heavily armed and armored machines. Jakes decision and passion to fight his own way in defense of the Omaticaya is intriguing. Despite of having years of personal experiences with his kind, for example with colonel Quaritch, especially by virtue of being soldiers while having basically insignificant personal experiences with the Na’vi, Jake recognized the barbaric acts b eing committed against them and acknowledged the lack of correspondence between what he signed up to do, in relation to what his superiors like Quaritch were demanding of him. In Titanic, the ship was thought to be unsinkable, thus before setting out; a compromise was made regarding the number of lifeboats aboard the ship. When it began sinking, the richest got the first priority on the lifeboats, which did not carry the full passengers it could accommodate. While they waited in half-full lifeboats, they witnessed cries of people freezing to death, and didn't offer to help them. Since it came out in 1997, this film seem to depict the 1995 Rwanda genocide, which the able nations of the world just watched and did nothing to prevent the senseless killings of the poor people, since the rich already

Basic Principles of Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Basic Principles of Accounting - Essay Example The convention states that items recorded in financial statements should be recorded at the original cost for which it would be bought. Stating furniture at the present cost will be misleading and the account will not conform to legal standards. 3. Depreciation is an attempt to measure the worth of a fixed asset that was used in the period under review. It therefore divides the useful life of a given fixed asset into a number of years. Each year, there is an estimate of the worth of the asset that was used in the production process. This way, accountants can get close to getting the true picture of how much was spent in a given year. Accumulated depreciation represents the worth of the asset deducted in the previous years that the asset was used in production. 4. The payment of $20,000 in June 2008 is cannot be put in the income statement of 2007/2008. This is because that insurance payment added no value to production in the 2007/08 year. However, that payment gives your company the right to future benefits. In other words, it is an asset and it must be accounted for in the Balance Sheet as an Accrual. 5. Gross profit represents sales less cost of sales or direct cots. Net profit is gross profit less other production costs like overheads, indirect costs, as well as taxation. Net profit is important as it gives the whole view of trading activities in the company over a period of time. Gross profit just gives a shallow indication of events in the organization. 1. Direct cost is a cost directly attributable to a project or activity in a business. Indirect costs are activities that cannot be directly attributed to a single activity or process in the business. Manufacturing overheads is an indirect cost because it relates to the factory’s cost that cannot be identified with a single product or activity. Examples include electricity and depreciation costs. 2. Work in progress refers to costs of unfinished raw materials that are

Process for Implemenation of Supplier Development Strategy Essay Example for Free

Process for Implemenation of Supplier Development Strategy Essay Introduction Supply chain management adopts a systematic and integrative approach to manage the operation and relationship amongst different parties in supply chain one of the major issues is supplier development studies have investigated how quality management can be employer in supply chain management to influence performance in the whole supply network. (Mishra Rik, Patel G-Supplier Development Strategies, Data employment Analysis Business Intelligence Journal, January 2010 vol 3 No.1) There are 8 stages of implementation of supplier development 2.1 Identify critical commodities for development Managers must analyse their situation to determine whether Supplier development is important and if so which purchased commodities and services require the most attention. A corporate level executive steering committee must assess the relevant strategic importance of all goods and services that the company buys and produce a portfolio of critical commodities 2.2 Identify critical suppliers for development The managers must assess the performance of suppliers who supply commodities in the â€Å"strategic supplier category†. These commodities considered strategically important, as they might be difficult to substitute or purchase from alternative suppliers. 2.3 Form a cross-functional team A buyer must first develop internal cross-functional consensus for the initiative before approaching the supplies to ask for improvement such consensus will help to show a â€Å"unified front† and ensure that all buyer functions. 2.4 Meet with supplier’s top management team The buyer’s cross functional commodity team must approach the supplier’s top management group and establish three keys to supplier improvement, strategic alignment, supplier measurement and professionalism. 5 Identify opportunities and probability for improvement At these meetings with the suppliers executive should identify areas earmarked for improvement. Companies adopting a strategic approach to supply base development can usually agree upon areas or improvement .In some areas driven by final customer requirements and expectations. 2.6 Identify key projects After identifying promising opportunities of supplier development managers must evaluate them in terms of feasibility, resource and time requirements and potential return on investments. The aim is to decide what the goals should be and whether they are achievable. 2.7 Define details of the agreement After the potential improvement project is identified, the parties need to agree on specific merthies for monitoring its success. 2.8 Monitor status and modify strategies Manages must constantly monitor the progress and constantly exchange information to maintain momentum in the project. (http://www.ethenmanagementor.com.kuniverser/kmailer_universe/manu_kmailers/som-supplierdev1.htm. Accessed 15/09/2011) Different types Supply Chain relationships | |Transactional |Collaborative |Alliance | | |Relationships |relationships |relationships | |Communication |High potential for problems |Systematic approach to | | | |enhance communication | |Competitive |Low |High | |advantage |Independence | | |Connectedness |Little |Interdependence | |Continuous |Few | | |improvement | |A focus on | |Contributions to | | | |new product |Low |Many/early supplier | |development |Short |involvement | | |Reactive |Difficult/high impact | |Difficulty of exit |Price |Long | |Duration | Little or none |Proactive | |Expediting |Low |Total cost | |Focus | |High or total | |Level of integration |Many |High | |Level of trust |No | | |Number of |Incoming inspection | | |suppliers |Inward looking |One or few | |Open books | |Yes | |Quality | |Design quality into system | |Relations | |Concern with each other’s | | |Few/low skill level |well-being | |Resources |Minimal |Professional | |Service |No |Greatly improved | |Shared forecasts |Possible |Yes | |Supply disruptions |No |Unlikely | |Technology inflows |Tactical |Yes | |Type of interaction | |Strategic synergy | (Handfield RB; Monczka RM; Giunipero LC; Patterson JL. Sourcing and supply chain management; 2004 pg 123) Portfolio Analysis 4.1 Captive buyer Captive buyer relationship the supplier dominates the buyer and the buyer depends on the supplier. In these particular captive buyer relationships this dependence of the buyer is due to the unique intellectual property of the supplier. Because of this intellectual property the buyer has limited or no Substitutes to turn to creating a dependence on the supplier. Despite this dependence a high level of trust plays an important role in making this relationship fruitful for both parties. Apparently the dominance of the supplier is limited to the extent that the mutual trust stays intact. But the level of trust also has its limits from the supplier’s perspective. The supplier is not willing to trust the buyer with its intellectual property. The obvious reason for this is the risk that the supplier would lose its dominating position. Thus, the supplier has a special interest in maintaining its dominant position. The survey and interviews indicate that for captive buyer relationships the explanatory variables were the lack of substitutes, legal property rights and size of the supplier. Apparently the legal property rights of the supplier, and the resulting lack of substitutes, causes the buyer to depend on the supplier. These factors, combined with a supplier that is much larger than the buyer, results in a relationship that can be described as a captive buyer situation. (http://dspace.learningnetworks.org/bitstream/1820/3545/1/MWBHMJFleurenmei2011.pdf ;Accessed 15/09/2011) 2 Captive Supplier Captive supplier relationship the supplier depends on the buyer and the buyer therefore overpowers the supplier. This unbalance of power can have one or a combination of factors: the size of the buyer and its market share but also the switching costs for the supplier contribute to the dependence of the supplier on the buyer. Despite the fact that the supplier has important intellectual property this is not sufficient to balance the level of power towards the buyer. To make this relationship a fruitful one cooperation and mutual goals are of great importance. Via these mutual goals the buyer does depend on the supplier to some extent, thus preventing the buyer from abusing its dominance over the supplier. For this reason, in a captive supplier situation the buyer will also invest (heavily) in the relationship but not to the extent that it loses it’s dominating position. While studying the captive supplier relationships, it became apparent that the Explanatory variables were market share, lack of substitutes, legal property rights, non-retrievable investments and the size of the supplier. These factors resulted in a captive buyer situation. Again the presence of legal property rights, this time of the buyer, causes the supplier to have limited or no substitutes. Furthermore the relationship involved significant non-retrievable investments for the supplier, making it even more difficult to switch to another buyer. Finally, the high market share of the buyer compared to the small size of the supplier was a significant factor. The net result of these explanatory variables is a captive supplier relationship. (http://dspace.learningnetworks.org/bitstream/1820/3545/1/MWBHMJFleurenmei2011.pdf; Accessed 15/09/2011) 3 Interdependent Supply Chain members Some kind of starting point is needed for identification of supply chains. For instance, an end product of some kind may be used for identification and analysis of the activity structure organised behind it. This is in line with the transvection concept coined by Alderson (1965, p. 92) who defines transvections as comprising all prior action necessary to produce this final result, going all the way back to conglomerate resources. This, however, entails a first important connection among chains as they typically merge in different stages within an activity structure where different parts of the end product are assembled, welded etc, tying different chains together successively (Dubois, 1998). Consequently, several different products (and thus also several chains, if defined by products) are involved in every supply chain resulting in some kind of end-product. Taking transvections, or end-product related structures, as a starting point we will further analyse the ways in which the activities and resources within supply chains are connected by analysin g how they are subject to the three forms of interdependence. (http://www.impgroup.org/uploads/papers/4324.pdf ;accessed 15/09/2011) 5. Buyer /supplier relationship (Handfield RB; Monczka RM; Giunipero LC; Patterson JL. Sourcing and supply chain management; 2004) High Category Level Low Conclusion The concept of power should be at the centre of any study of buyer-supplier relationships. Power affects the expectations of the two parties over what commercial returns should accrue to them from a relationship. It also affects the willingness of the two parties to invest in collaborative activities. As important, it also affects the willingness of the two parties to share the costs of relationship-specific investments .It also affects the willingness of the two parties to share sensitive information. As a result, an understanding of the power relation which is often stable, with the relative stability should, from the point of view of the purchasing manager, inform both the supplier selection and the relationship management decision as he or she attempts to manage risk proactively. Bibliography 1. http://www.impgroup.org/uploads/papers/4320.pdf 2. http://dspace.learningnetworks.org/bitstream/1820/3545/1/MWBHMJFleurenmei2011.pdf. 3. Mishra Rik, Patel G-Supplier Development Strategies, Data employment Analysis Business Intelligence Journal, January 2010 vol 3 No.1 4. Handfield RB; Monczka RM; Giunipero LC; Patterson JL. Sourcing and supply chain management; 2004 |1.Leaverage: |2.Strategic : | |Captive Supplier |Mutual dependence | |The buyer has power |Trust is necessary | |Trust may be lacking | | |3.Routine: |4. Bottleneck | |Mutual Independent |Captive buyer | |Trust not necessary |The Supplier has power | | |Trust may be lacking | LowHighBusiness Risk

The Black Death Essay -- Plague Disease History Europe Essays

The Black Death   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Black Death had profound effects on Medieval Europe. Although most people did not realize it at the time, the Black Death had not only marked the end of one age but it also denoted the beginning of a new one, namely the Renaissance. Between 1339 and 1351a.d, a pandemic of plague called the Black Death, traveled from China to Europe affecting the importance of cities, creating economic and demographic crises, as well as political dislocation and realignment, and bringing about powerful new currents in culture and religion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the beginning, the Italian town of Genoa was one of the busiest ports in Europe. Ships sailed from there to trade all over the Mediterranean Sea. In October of 1347, 12 merchant ships sailed from Caffa to Italy. A strange disease had infected the crew of these ships. Dying bodies lay aboard the ships. City officials, afraid that the disease might spread, issued an order that no person or piece of merchandise was to leave the ships. They even forbade medical treatment for the sick sailors and passengers. The disease still spread. The officials had not considered that the rats from the ships were able to leave the ships by crawling along the ropes that were tied to the ships. From Italy, the disease spread all over Europe, traveling along the major trade routes. The rats were responsible for carrying the disease, which was transmitted by fleas from infected rats. The fleas drank the rats' blood that carried the bacteria. The bacteria multiplied in the flea's gut. While the fleas gut was clogged with bacteria, the flea bit the human and regurgitated blood into the wound.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Black Death came in 3 forms: the bubonic, pneumonic, and septicemic. Each different from of the plague killed people in a vicious way. All forms were caused by a bacterium called Yersinia pestis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The bubonic plague was the most commonly seen form of the Black Death. Which had a mortality rate of 30-70%. The symptoms were enlarged and inflamed lymph nodes (around armpits, neck and groin). The term "bubonic" refers to the characteristic bubo or enlarged lymphatic gland. Victims were subject to headaches, nausea, aching joints, fever of 101-105 degrees, vomiting, and a general feeling of illness. Symptoms took from 1-7 days to appear.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The pneumonic plague was the second most commonly seen form of the Black Deat... ...mand fairer treatment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lastly, the change in spirituality was one of the major effects of the plague. The Black Death left survivors mourning, depressed, and fearful of its return.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the groups that suffered the most was the Christian Church. It lasts prestige, spiritual authority, and leadership over the people. The church promised cures, treatment, and an explanation for the plague. They said it was God's will, but the reason for this awful punishment was unknown. People wanted answers, but the priests and bishops didn't have anything to say. The people abandoned their Christian duties and fled. People prayed to God and begged for forgiveness. After the plague ended, angry and frustrated villagers started to revolt against the church, this caused the churches to be abandoned.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Black Death changed European history in many ways. Its fatal symptoms took many human lives, and its influenced carried over into many areas of society. People suffered religiously because the disease brought out the darker side of life and made them question God. Europe would not be the same today without these changes brought on through the devastation of the Black Death.

Food inc Essay

Food, Inc is a film that lets people in on the food production in American. The film opens up in a grocery store, which has pictures of farmers giving you the idea that the food you are going to purchase is farm raised. However the film calls it a pastoral fantasy. Even though people would like to believe that their food is coming from a farm where that animal is raised the correct way that is not always the case. This film dug into certain aspects of food giving you the ins and outs on how all types of food is produced. This film is not trying to make someone turn in to a vegetarian. It is simply trying to inform people how food production has changed over the years. Something said in the film was that â€Å"it’s not farming anymore, it’s just mass production. Chickens today are genetically modified to have larger breasts since the consumer preference is white meat. A lot of these companies are injecting hormones in these animals to speed up the growth process. Where before a chicken life span was around 80 days, with this hormone being injected it knocks about 20 days off now. The faster the chicken grows, the more chicken can be produce at a faster rate. The chickens grow at such a fast rate that their bones and organs can’t keep up with the rapid growth of the muscles, or the meat. Mention in the film is that McDonalds is one of the largest purchasers of ground beef, potatoes, pork, lettuce and tomatoes. Fast food nearly started with McDonald’s. When they decided to make things easier their menu and hire employees that repeated one task over and over for minimum wage, the result was the fast food occurrence that cleaned the United States. Mention in the film â€Å"Eating meat produced by the system†. As long as people continue to eat meat that is not properly raised or properly killed we will continue to have the problem of how food is produced. The industry does not want you to know what you are eating. So they will sell you this dream that everything is farm raised, when in reality their feeding cows corn that produces infections, giving chickens hormone injections to speed up growth process. There’s nothing farm raised about these tactics. Joe Salatin says â€Å"Meet the need without comprising integrity†. There are ways food can be produced without all of the extra stuff. Salatin does his farming and killing outside. People have tried to get him shut down saying the way he produced chicken was not sanitary, but yet other companied that do produce meat has had infected meat even with them being in a factory. People drove over 100 miles just to purchase Salatin’s chicken. This says a lot; people do want quality produced food. The average farmer used to feed 6 to 8 people, now it is up to 126 people. If we had more farmers who practice Salatin’s techniques then we would be able to produce more. If there was not so much meat being produced then maybe people would not buy so much in abundance and meat would not have to be produce so fast and in large quantizes. People buy a lot because it is overly produce in my opinion. If food was not so readily available then maybe it would not be over consumed. As long as food is purchased in abundance companies will continue to produce food the way they do to keep up with how much food people are purchasing.

“How Jews Became White Folk” by Karen Brodkin Essay

In her book â€Å"How Jews Became White Folk†, Karen Brodkin examines the question of how Jews came to be regarded as White. She does this by first explaining how Jews were racially categorized prior to this time, and how they were considered to be inferior to the white race. Whiteness is and has always relied on continually renegotiated interpretations; that has more to do with ones social class rather than skin color. The argument that Brodkin presents is that the claim of whiteness are extended to certain races or ethnic groups at certain times, and that the past experiences of these groups cannot wipe away such indisputable social facts. Brodkin believes that the only way to successfully assimilate into the United States is by becoming â€Å"white†. What does it mean to be â€Å"white†? The history of the United States clearly â€Å"shows changing notions of whiteness to be part of America’s larger system of institutional racism.† (Brodkin, 1994). Being â€Å"white† has its advantages, just as it has its downfalls; I guess you can say it is a double edge sword. To be accepted into the dominant class one may have to shed part of their identity; yet, the rewards for doing this are not what one expects them to be. Yet, what is interesting is how the shift of Jews from being categorized from racial other, to not-quite-white, to white shows us how race in the United States has been constructed. She then goes on to insist that after WWII Jews had increasingly profited from the assortment of social policies set up to aid the rising middle class, like providing them with financial support to pay for their education and loans for houses from the Federal Housing Administration (Brodkin, 1994). She describes the G.I. Bill as â€Å"†the most massive affirmative action program in American history† (Brodkin, 1994). What we need to take into consideration is that these social policies were not extended in the same proportion to African Americans and Latinos. Both groups were denied loans to buy their houses and when they were approved for a loan, they would be approved for lesser amounts; therefore restricting them from living amongst â€Å"whites†. While Jews have in fact been successful in assimilating into the white America, others have not been successful. One example of this is Latino  immigrants, not because they don’t want to but rather it comes from bad past experiences. They are expected to assimilate, but at the same time they are denied legal status and even worst they face the change of being deported at any time. In addition, what many fail to understand is the Latinos, especially Mexicans and African Americans have a much different and unique role within the United States, quite different than Jews or Italians will ever have. To begin, those of us with Latino blood in us have a history that in one way or another originates from this land, something that no white person can claim. As a conquered people we will always remain a threat to whites. African Americans on the other hand were brought by force from another continent only to become slave labor and although their roots are in Africa; this is the only land they have ever known. How Jews Became White Folk does an excellent job at making the reader reflect these unique roles that we have had to take with our society, I would have wanted for Brodkin to elaborate a little more on the definition of whiteness. We can only make that conclusion on our own. Works Cited: Karen, Brodkin (1994). How Jews Became White Folks & What That Says About Race in America. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.

Complete List of Extracurricular Activities 100s of Examples

Complete List of Extracurricular Activities 100s of Examples SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips How do you like to spend your time after school? Did you know that how you choose to spend this time could be one of the most important ways you shape your future? Extracurricular activities are a critical component of your college application, and you need to impress colleges with your interests. But you might not know what good extracurricular activities look like or what you should be spending your time on. We've got you covered here in our guide of hundreds of examples of extracurricular activities. Read on to get some inspiration for how to spend your valuable free time during high school! What Is An Extracurricular Activity? An extracurricular activity can be almost anything that isn’t required for high school credit or paid employment. These activities will become very important later, such as when you are applying to colleges, because they help you develop your talents, interests, and passions. They can also teach you practical skills like time management. With so many options out there, all students should be able to find an extracurricular that they are interested in and can develop a passion for! Remember that extracurricular activities do not have to be sponsored by your school, so you should also consider things that you do with your family or within your community as viable options. Below I've listed many popular activities that you may not have thought of as extracurricular activities. Take a look at the list and see if your activities are already on the list, or if anything you hadn't considered before catches your eye. Of course, this list isn’t complete, because you can turn almost any interest into an extracurricular. If you are actively involved in something that you don't see here - meaning you spend a significant amount of time doing an activity that is allowing you to develop a talent or interest, be a leader, or help out your community - then you should definitely consider that an extracurricular activity, as well! What doesn't necessarily count as an extracurricular? An interest of yours that's very self-centered. You can't justget abelly button piercing and expect colleges to be wowed. It should be an activity that demonstrates a talent or contributes value to other people. There's a spectrum here, though - improving your hair qualityisn't really an extracurricular. But starting a Youtube channel around beauty tips or creating a club for teen health enthusiasts definitely does. But if you're still unsure if something counts as an extracurricular, or you need some inspiration, then read on for our complete list of extracurricular activities. How Should You Use This Extracurricular Activities List? Not sure how you should use this list of extracurriculars? Just follow the six steps outlined in this section, and you'll be on your way to choosing the best extracurricular for you! Step 1: Brainstorm Extracurricular Ideas What are your interests? Have you always wanted to try out something related to art, but weren’t sure if it would be worth your time, or if it would be viewed favorably by a college admissions team? Keep in mind that colleges don’t really care about what kind of activity you are doing - instead, they want to see that you are doing something that you are passionate about. So make a list of all of your interests - both things that you are already interested in and other areas that intrigue you and you'd like to learn more about. Step 2: See Which Extracurriculars Fit Your Interests Look through the list below and see if any of the activities match your interests. You may see some ways that you hadn’t thought of before to pursue an interest! Keep in mind that there can be a lot of different outlets for each interest you have. For example, if you want to play an instrument, you can take private classes, play in your school’s marching band, play in a community concert band, or work as part of the orchestra for your school’s next musical. Step 3: Research Different Extracurricular Options Research to see if these activities are available at your high school or in your community. If there is something you are very passionate about that’s not already offered, consider starting up a group of your own. But if you aren’t sure that the interest will stick and you only want to try it out, it’s probably best to find a different outlet for your curiosity. Step 4: Join Some Activities The next step is to start doing activities! But how many should you do? If you are a freshman, I would recommend trying out a bunch of different activitiesup to ten if there are that many you have an interest in. The idea at this stage is to sample a variety of extracurriculars. Once you start to get an idea of which activities are going to really help you develop the interests you are most passionate about, you can dedicate more time to those and drop the others. Step 5: Narrow Down Your Extracurriculars If you are a sophomore, junior, or senior, you should hopefully already have an idea of the kinds of activities that you want to focus on. Make a list of the top five activities that interest you. If you have the time to try out all five, go for it. This will give you a bit of time to experiment and see what’s most of interest. If you don’t have time, try to narrow down your top five to three activities. Step 6: Increase Your Impact in a Few Activities Remember to not spread yourself too thin, especially if you are above freshman year. It’s more important to spend significant time in each activity than it is to have a long list of activities. Choose activities that will allow you to make a meaningful impact, either in your own development, or in the community. Extracurriculars List by Category This list is organized into categories to make finding an activity that matches your interests easier. However, we recommend at least skimming all the extracurricular options below, even if you think they're categories you're not interested in. You never know what might catch your eye! Note: not all schools will offer formal clubs in all these categories. If you see something you're interested in that your school doesn't offer, try joining a community group or even a national or online group to explore the interest further! Many of these topics are available as summer camp activities, as well. You can also consider starting a club at your school if you are looking for a way to get involved in something you are interested in while also showing leadership and initiative. Academic These activitiesare based on a certain academic subject, and include both clubs (groups to discuss and practice certain subjects) and competitive teams. Academicteams have competitions that take place at all levels, from local to national. Clubs Adopt-A-Physicist Architecture Club Astronomy Club Biology Club Chemistry Club Economics Club Electronics Club Engineering Club English Club Distributive Education Clubs of America History Club Life Sciences Club Literature Club Literary Magazine Club Math Club Mu Alpha Theta: Math Honor Society National Honor Society Peer Tutoring Poetry Club Physics Club Psychology Club Quill and Scroll Robotics Club Science National Honors Society Trivia and Quiz Clubs Web design/coding club Writing Club Academic Competitive Teams Academic Decathlon Academic Triathlon American Mathematics Competitions American Regions Math League Caribou Mathematics Competition Chemistry Olympiad Clean Tech Competition Creative Communication Poetry Contest EconChallenge Educators Rising FIRST Robotics Competition High School Innovation Challenge Intel International Science and Engineering Fair Kids Philosophy Slam Math League National Academic Quiz Tournament National French Contest National History Bee National Spelling Bee Odyssey of the Mind Poetry Out Loud Questions Unlimited Quiz Bowl Science Bowl Science Olympiad Other Trivia and Quiz Competition Teams Art These activities will allow you to express yourself artistically - on paper, through a lens, on stage, and through several other media. Unleash your creativity! Animation Anime/Manga Club Art Club Art: drawing, painting Blacksmithing Cartooning Ceramics Drama Club Fashion design Graphic Design Jewelry Making Photography Sculpture Sewing High School Theater Program Community Theater Program Video Game Development Club Weaving Woodworking Cultural and Language These activities may help you reconnect with your roots, or allow you to get a taste of the world's diversity without ever leaving home. There are many other cultural and language-related activities that you can participate in. Some of the most common ones are listed below. African American Student Alliances/Clubs American Sign Language Club Chinese Club French Club German Club International Food Club Latin Club Pacific Islanders Club Russian Club South Asian Student Society Spanish Club Student Diplomacy Corps Community These activities will allow you to get involved in your community. 4-H Community Festivals Do Something Habitat for Humanity JUNTOS Key Club Kids Helping Kids Leo Club Mountaineers Club Sisters on the Runway Government Interested in making a difference in your school, community, or on a larger scale, through policy? Try a government-related activity to see if this could be a career interest for you! Community Youth Board Student Council Student Government Community Government Leadership These activities could be a fit if you're a natural leader, skilled at motivating, directing, and inspiring others. National Beta Club Peer Leadership Group Media If you love writing and communicating, consider getting involved in a media activity to help bring news and information to your school or community. School or local magazine/journal School or local newspaper School or local radio station School or local television channel School or local web site Work on a movie Yearbook Committee Military If you are interested in learning about discipline, teamwork, and leadership, then you may be interested in a military-based extracurricular activity. Civil Air Patrol Junior ROTC Music If you want to try playing an instrument or singing, there are many opportunities to try music-related activities. These are usually available both in your school community and in your wider community. Any musical interest club School Chorus/Choir Community Chorus/Choir Church Chorus/Choir Chamber Music Group Concert Band Ensembles Singing Lessons Marching Band Jazz Band Orchestra Solo music Your own band Tri-M Music Honor Society Performance Art Love to ham it up? You'll find there are many outlets both in your school and in your community to get on a stage and make an audience laugh and cry. Comedy Club Choreography Classic Film Club Dance Film Production Club International Thespian Society Miming Puppetry Slam Poetry Club High School Theater Group Community Theater Group Religious You can usually find these groups in your community. Church groups Fellowship of Christian Athletes Jewish Student Union Missionary work Youth Groups Roleplaying/Fantasy Did you know your love of fantasy can also be an extracurricular activity? Participating in one of these groups can show a dedication to many different creative skills. The Civil War Reenactors Dungeons and Dragons Club Gamers Club LARPing (Live Action Role Playing) Renaissance Faires Social Activism These groups may have chapters in your school or in your community. If there's a cause you're passionate about, seek out the local group that supports it. Amnesty International Animal Rights Club Breast Cancer Awareness Cancer Foundation Environmental Club Fair Trade Club Gay-Straight Alliance Girls Lean International NOW – National Organization for Women SADD – Students Against Destructive Decisions Save Darfur Special Interest You will often find these groups in your school or supported by the community. If you have a special interest in something that you can't find a local group for, consider creating one or join a national group. You can communicate with other people who have the same interest online, and attend meet-ups throughout the year. Boy Scouts Chess Club Equestrian Club Entrepreneurship Club Girl Scouts Horticulture Club Model Railroads Quilt Making Speech and Political Interest If you have a knack for recognizing faulty logic and destroying opponents' arguments, try one of these clubs. Many schools will sponsor these groups and some of them are competitive on local and national levels. Debate Club Euro Challenge Foreign Affairs Club Forensics Team High School Democrats of America High School Fed Challenge Junior Statesmen of America Mock Trial Club Model Congress Club Model United Nations National Speech and Debate Association Speech Club Teenage Republicans Young Democrats of America Sports and Recreation You probably already know about the sports teams at your schools, but there are also many opportunities to participate outside of those. Try doing extramural sports, join a club league in your community, or consider coaching a youth team. Baseball and softball Basketball Bodybuilding Cheerleading Climbing Club Cycling Dance Team Fencing Football Golf Gymnastics Hiking Club Hockey Intramural Sports Lacrosse Martial Arts Ping Pong Club Quidditch Clubs Skate Board Club Skiing Soccer Swimming Tennis Track Field Ultimate Frisbee Club Volleyball Water Polo Yoga Club Technology A love of technology can take you far. If you have strong knowledge in a particular area, try sharing with the online community. The bonus of these activities is that anyone with an internet connection can do them - no need for a school-sponsored club! Blogging Personal Web Site Social Media YouTube Channel Volunteer There are a lot of ways to make a difference in your local community. Look for volunteer groups in your school, your church, or elsewhere in your neighborhood. There are many websites, such as Volunteer Match, that can help you find a local community service project that is of interest to you. Adopt-a-Highway Animal rescue Best Buddies International Church outreach Hospital volunteer International volunteer program Mentoring Red Cross Club Tutoring UNICEF High School Clubs Volunteer Fire Department Work with a local charity Work with a local soup kitchen Final Word If none of the above activities are for you, you're still in luck. Why? You can always create your own extracurricular activity! Did you know that almost any hobby can be turned into an extracurricular activity? Starting a business or a website, volunteering, or any unusual hobby can be turned into something that you can write about for college. And if it’s unique enough to not be on this list, you can be sure that it will be something new for the college admissions committee, as well! What matters most is that it’s an outlet for your passion, creativity, and leadership. So instead of thinking you don’t do anything interesting, take the opportunity to find a new passion, or to turn something you already love into an activity you can share with the world. If you have any questions or want to see something added to this list, leave a comment below. // What's Next? Now that you know what extracurriculars look like, read about how to write about extracurriculars on your college application. Did you know that you can use community service work to help pay for college? Check out our step-by-step guide on how to win community service scholarships. Want your extracurriculars to really stand out?Check out our guide of three amazing extracurricular examples that are sure to impress colleges.

Needing to do A Few Things

Needing to do A Few Things Needing to do A Few Things Needing to do A Few Things By Maeve Maddox A reader writes: My son is driving me crazy!!!! He consistently says I need to do a few stuff.   I reply that he should properly say I need to do a few things or I need to do some stuff .   I know my options are fine, but my question is whether his version is also proper.   Please help us !! Before this reader’s question I was blissfully unaware of the expression â€Å"a few stuff.† I’ve tried to track it down. It brought up 2,070,000 Google hits, such things as: Even if I’m leaving my flat in one week, for the next two weeks, I shall buy a few stuff on saturday. Hi just need to rant about a few stuff†¦ I haven’t been able to trace a dialect origin for this nonstandard construction. The only uses of it I’ve found so far are in amateurish blogs and reader comments. I assume that it’s an example of teen slang intended to infuriate adult speakers. It certainly pinches my grammar nerve. As an uncountable noun, stuff originally referred to quilted material worn under chain mail. The meaning was extended to mean â€Å"material for working in a trade.† The very broad sense of matter of an unspecified kind dates from 1580. To the reader whose son insists on saying â€Å"a few stuff,† I can only say that this too shall passbut probably only if you stop letting your annoyance show. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Passed vs Past50 Idioms About Meat and Dairy Products25 Idioms About Bread and Dessert